Rational Design for Monodisperse Gallium Nanoparticles by In Situ Monitoring with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Article Swipe
Florian M. Schenk
,
Simon Wintersteller
,
Jasper Clarysse
,
Hanglin He
,
Jean‐Marc von Mentlen
,
Nuri Yazdani
,
Markus Wied
,
Vanessa Wood
,
Christian Prehal
,
Maksym Yarema
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317
Colloidal chemistry is a well-known synthetic platform for producing size-uniform nanoparticles. However, the optimization of each material system still relies on a tedious trial-and-error approach in a multiparametric space, commonly referred to as design-of-experiments. This process is particularly laborious for emerging material classes for which only a handful of syntheses have been reported. Alternative approaches for the rational design of colloidal nanoparticles involve studying the reaction with in situ methods, thereby revealing the true underlying rules for the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles. Here, we focus on highly promising but little-studied colloidal gallium nanoparticles, using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering as a highly suitable in situ monitoring technique. We investigate the intertwined effects of process temperature, concentration of reactants, and the sterics of surface ligands during the hot-injection synthesis of gallium colloids. For quantitative comparison, we provide a description of gallium synthesis through the timestamps of partially overlapping reaction, nucleation, and growth stages. Our results reveal the key role of surface ligands in balancing the kinetics of nucleation and growth, as well as in enabling colloidal stability during the synthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the large overlap between the nucleation and growth stages does not preclude the formation of monodisperse gallium nanoparticles. Our in situ experiments suggest several possible strategies for achieving size-uniform colloidal nanoparticles, thus enabling a rational design for the peculiar system of liquid metal nanodroplets and offering insights that can be extended to other monodisperse colloids prepared via hot-injection synthesis.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jacs.5c00317?ref=article_openPDF
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 56
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4408841595
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4408841595Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Rational Design for Monodisperse Gallium Nanoparticles by In Situ Monitoring with Small-Angle X-ray ScatteringWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Florian M. Schenk, Simon Wintersteller, Jasper Clarysse, Hanglin He, Jean‐Marc von Mentlen, Nuri Yazdani, Markus Wied, Vanessa Wood, Christian Prehal, Maksym YaremaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jacs.5c00317?ref=article_openPDFDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jacs.5c00317?ref=article_openPDFDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Dispersity, Gallium, Nucleation, Nanoparticle, Chemistry, Nanotechnology, Colloid, Rational design, Synchrotron, Scattering, Materials science, Physical chemistry, Organic chemistry, Optics, PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 6Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
56Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4408841595 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40134226 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4408841595 |
| fwci | 9.51274288 |
| type | article |
| title | Rational Design for Monodisperse Gallium Nanoparticles by In Situ Monitoring with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G3092679832 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320338335 |
| awards[0].display_name | Solution-Based Engineering of Nanodimensional Phase-Change Materials and Memory Devices |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 852751 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | H2020 European Research Council |
| biblio.issue | 14 |
| biblio.volume | 147 |
| biblio.last_page | 12114 |
| biblio.first_page | 12105 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10321 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10131 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9962999820709229 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2504 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials |
| topics[1].display_name | Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12202 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.993399977684021 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1902 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Atmospheric Science |
| topics[2].display_name | nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320338335 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/0472cxd90 |
| funders[0].display_name | H2020 European Research Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C11432220 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7448735237121582 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1975334 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Dispersity |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C550372918 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7204704284667969 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Gallium |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C61048295 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.716399610042572 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Nucleation |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C155672457 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6824600696563721 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Nanoparticle |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.644555926322937 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5681308507919312 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C59789625 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5183776021003723 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181780 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Colloid |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C53105671 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4799545109272003 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14777816 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Rational design |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C21368211 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.45865675806999207 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689863 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Synchrotron |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C191486275 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4109199643135071 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Scattering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.252041757106781 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C147789679 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.13140276074409485 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Physical chemistry |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.10208621621131897 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.09658628702163696 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.06745505332946777 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersity |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7448735237121582 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Dispersity |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7204704284667969 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Gallium |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleation |
| keywords[2].score | 0.716399610042572 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Nucleation |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6824600696563721 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Nanoparticle |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[4].score | 0.644555926322937 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5681308507919312 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/colloid |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5183776021003723 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Colloid |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-design |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4799545109272003 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Rational design |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/synchrotron |
| keywords[8].score | 0.45865675806999207 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Synchrotron |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4109199643135071 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Scattering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[10].score | 0.252041757106781 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry |
| keywords[11].score | 0.13140276074409485 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Physical chemistry |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry |
| keywords[12].score | 0.10208621621131897 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[13].score | 0.09658628702163696 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[14].score | 0.06745505332946777 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S111155417 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0002-7863, 1520-5126, 1943-2984 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0002-7863 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Chemical Society |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Chemical Society |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jacs.5c00317?ref=article_openPDF |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40134226 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40134226 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11987021 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | J Am Chem Soc |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11987021 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5064344708 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Florian M. Schenk |
| authorships[0].countries | CH |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Florian M. Schenk |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland, ETH Zurich |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5019477808 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-9113 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Simon Wintersteller |
| authorships[1].countries | CH |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Simon Wintersteller |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland, ETH Zurich |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070097868 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2144-5266 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jasper Clarysse |
| authorships[2].countries | CH |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jasper Clarysse |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | ETH Zurich, Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086618329 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Hanglin He |
| authorships[3].countries | CH |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Hanglin He |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland, ETH Zurich |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5005325019 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-7591 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Jean‐Marc von Mentlen |
| authorships[4].countries | CH |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Jean-Marc von Mentlen |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | ETH Zurich, Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046344140 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-7601 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Nuri Yazdani |
| authorships[5].countries | CH |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Nuri Yazdani |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | ETH Zurich, Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072462416 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-2395 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Markus Wied |
| authorships[6].countries | CH |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Markus Wied |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | ETH Zurich, Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088566464 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6435-0227 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Vanessa Wood |
| authorships[7].countries | CH |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Vanessa Wood |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | ETH Zurich, Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042630842 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0654-0940 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Christian Prehal |
| authorships[8].countries | AT, CH |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182212641 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg |
| authorships[8].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[8].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182212641 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg AT-5020, Austria |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182212641 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05gs8cd61 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182212641 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | AT |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University of Salzburg |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code | CH |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Christian Prehal |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg AT-5020, Austria, ETH Zurich, Materials and Device Engineering Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057820245 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-2466 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Maksym Yarema |
| authorships[9].countries | CH |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05a28rw58 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | CH |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | ETH Zurich |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Maksym Yarema |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland, ETH Zurich |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jacs.5c00317?ref=article_openPDF |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Rational Design for Monodisperse Gallium Nanoparticles by In Situ Monitoring with Small-Angle X-ray Scattering |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10321 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2057485995, https://openalex.org/W4232936117, https://openalex.org/W2004192282, https://openalex.org/W2054682972, https://openalex.org/W2122226500, https://openalex.org/W4250401453, https://openalex.org/W2108640915, https://openalex.org/W3168541026, https://openalex.org/W2087207741, https://openalex.org/W2378084453 |
| cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 6 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S111155417 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0002-7863, 1520-5126, 1943-2984 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0002-7863 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Chemical Society |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Chemical Society |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jacs.5c00317?ref=article_openPDF |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S111155417 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0002-7863, 1520-5126, 1943-2984 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0002-7863 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Chemical Society |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Chemical Society |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jacs.5c00317?ref=article_openPDF |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of the American Chemical Society |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5c00317 |
| publication_date | 2025-03-26 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4389991725, https://openalex.org/W4210532221, https://openalex.org/W4320492558, https://openalex.org/W2489952874, https://openalex.org/W2978826741, https://openalex.org/W2022604860, https://openalex.org/W3019725847, https://openalex.org/W2737768601, https://openalex.org/W4402646585, https://openalex.org/W4318486651, https://openalex.org/W4287845946, https://openalex.org/W2191460975, https://openalex.org/W2330985135, https://openalex.org/W4281572745, https://openalex.org/W1878728725, https://openalex.org/W2943603869, https://openalex.org/W2157184633, https://openalex.org/W4321003714, https://openalex.org/W1912440898, https://openalex.org/W3118489187, https://openalex.org/W2579165717, https://openalex.org/W4283363670, https://openalex.org/W2397326293, https://openalex.org/W3119552660, https://openalex.org/W4313641116, https://openalex.org/W3115210506, https://openalex.org/W3017279516, https://openalex.org/W4315641252, https://openalex.org/W2973946388, https://openalex.org/W3207337873, https://openalex.org/W3150446446, https://openalex.org/W2020916955, https://openalex.org/W2009142955, https://openalex.org/W2973197168, https://openalex.org/W2947691699, https://openalex.org/W2565753668, https://openalex.org/W1967439316, https://openalex.org/W2739749456, https://openalex.org/W2101850726, https://openalex.org/W2041490193, https://openalex.org/W2320258405, https://openalex.org/W2334685432, https://openalex.org/W2060604247, https://openalex.org/W1998774808, https://openalex.org/W3021182430, https://openalex.org/W4225072602, https://openalex.org/W2066662991, https://openalex.org/W2484667351, https://openalex.org/W2072536943, https://openalex.org/W3119775236, https://openalex.org/W2903668616, https://openalex.org/W2002480259, https://openalex.org/W3006057122, https://openalex.org/W2753649218, https://openalex.org/W2107708272, https://openalex.org/W2016991894 |
| referenced_works_count | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 21, 26, 46, 99, 135, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 32, 98, 168, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 25, 67, 102, 160, 171, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 2, 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 14, 48, 59, 79, 111, 115, 120, 127, 137, 143, 157, 164, 196, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 20, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 31, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 83, 133, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 151, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 117, 148, 166, 188, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 7, 39, 43, 55, 76, 208, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 12, 56, 64, 72, 77, 108, 118, 124, 141, 154, 162, 176, 182, 186, 194, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.does | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situ | 68, 103, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 181, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thus | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.true | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.X-ray | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focus | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metal | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rules | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 58, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 123, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth | 149, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 86, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.liquid | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relies | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveal | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space, | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stages | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 17, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classes | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gallium | 91, 128, 138, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth, | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.handful | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involve | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ligands | 122, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overlap | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 35, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stages. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sterics | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 121, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tedious | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thereby | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colloids | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.commonly | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerging | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enabling | 172, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insights | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kinetics | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material | 16, 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peculiar | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platform | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preclude | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prepared | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rational | 57, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaction | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.referred | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studying | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Colloidal | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balancing | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemistry | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colloidal | 60, 90, 173, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colloids. | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laborious | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partially | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.producing | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaction, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealing | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stability | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.syntheses | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis | 78, 126, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthetic | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nucleation | 165, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactants, | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scattering | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesis. | 177, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique. | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.timestamps | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-known | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Alternative | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.description | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intertwined | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigate | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nucleation, | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overlapping | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.small-angle | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monodisperse | 80, 197, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanodroplets | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantitative | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size-uniform | 9, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature, | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentration | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hot-injection | 125, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.little-studied | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles, | 92, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles. | 10, 81, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiparametric | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trial-and-error | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchrotron-based | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design-of-experiments. | 33 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 98 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5057820245 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35440088 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95344883 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |