Reactivated EBV, HHV6, HAdV in Sputum from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: Are autoAbs to IFN-I Impairing Antiviral Immunity? Article Swipe
Ulf Hannestad
,
Annika Allard
,
Kent W. Nilsson
,
Anders Rosén
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.0185.v1
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.0185.v1
An exhausted antiviral immune response is observed in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID. In this study, potential mechanisms behind this exhaustion were investigated. First, the viral load of EBV, HAdV, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), and SARS-CoV-2 was determined in sputum samples (n=29) derived from ME/CFS patients (n=13), healthy controls (n=10), elderly healthy controls (n=4), and immunosuppressed controls (n=2). Secondly, autoAbs to type I interferon (IFN-I) in sputum were analyzed to possibly explain impaired viral immunity. We found that ME/CFS patients released EBV at a significantly higher level compared to controls (p=0.0256). HHV6 was present in ~50% of all participants at the same level. HAdV was detected in two cases with immunosuppression and severe ME/CFS, respectively. HCMV and SARS-CoV-2 were found only in immunosuppressed controls. Notably, anti-IFN-I autoAbs in ME/CFS and controls did not differ, except in severe ME/CFS with high levels. We conclude that ME/CFS patients, compared to controls, have a significantly higher load of EBV. IFN-I autoAbs cannot explain IFN-I dysfunction, with the possible exception of severe cases showing elevated autoAbs, also reported in severe SARS-CoV-2. We forward that additional mechanisms, such as viral evasion of IFN-I effect, may be present in ME/CFS, which demands further studies.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.0185.v1
- OA Status
- green
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
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- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4407166764Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.0185.v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Reactivated EBV, HHV6, HAdV in Sputum from Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: Are autoAbs to IFN-I Impairing Antiviral Immunity?Work title
- Type
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preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-02-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Ulf Hannestad, Annika Allard, Kent W. Nilsson, Anders RosénList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.0185.v1Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202502.0185.v1Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Chronic fatigue syndrome, Immunology, Encephalomyelitis, Medicine, Immunity, Virology, Sputum, Immune system, Tuberculosis, Psychiatry, Multiple sclerosis, PathologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.04643568 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |