Rebound of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Composting: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Control Strategies Article Swipe
Xinyuan Zhang
,
Xuan Wang
,
Yazhan Ren
,
Zihan Wang
,
Zhaohai Bai
,
Lin Ma
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15222317
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15222317
The proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock manure has raised growing environmental and public health concerns. Composting is widely recognized as an effective method to mitigate ARG dissemination; however, recent studies have increasingly reported a rebound in ARG abundance during the curing stage of composting, undermining its long-term effectiveness. Here, “rebound” refers to a renewed increase in ARG abundance—either in absolute terms or relative to the 16S rRNA gene—following its decline to a minimum during the thermophilic phase. This review systematically summarizes the dynamic changes in ARGs throughout the composting process, with a particular focus on the mechanisms and drivers underlying ARG rebound. Vertical and horizontal gene transfer, along with microbial succession, are discussed as key contributors to this phenomenon. Current strategies to suppress ARG rebound, including microbial community manipulation, hyperthermophilic composting, and exogenous amendments, are evaluated. Furthermore, the roles of heavy metals and extracellular polymeric substances in promoting ARG persistence are examined, highlighting their potential involvement in ARG rebound. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of ARG rebound in composting and to inform the development of more effective, integrated mitigation strategies.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15222317
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/22/2317/pdf?version=1762520288
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 101
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4415998037
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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- Title
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Rebound of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Composting: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Control StrategiesWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-11-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Xinyuan Zhang, Xuan Wang, Yazhan Ren, Zihan Wang, Zhaohai Bai, Lin MaList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15222317Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/22/2317/pdf?version=1762520288Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/22/2317/pdf?version=1762520288Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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101Number of works referenced by this work
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