Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19 Article Swipe
Sara Lega
,
Samuele Naviglio
,
Stefano Volpi
,
Alberto Tommasini
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224
As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.
Related Topics
Concepts
Disease
Pandemic
Outbreak
Medicine
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Intensive care medicine
Window of opportunity
Immunology
Host factors
Intervention (counseling)
Immunopathology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Immune system
Coronavirus
Host response
Virus
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Virology
Pathology
Psychiatry
Real-time computing
Computer science
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224
- https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224/pdf?version=1591024554
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 55
- References
- 227
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3024682924
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3024682924Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19Work title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-05-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Sara Lega, Samuele Naviglio, Stefano Volpi, Alberto TommasiniList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224/pdf?version=1591024554Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224/pdf?version=1591024554Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Disease, Pandemic, Outbreak, Medicine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Intensive care medicine, Window of opportunity, Immunology, Host factors, Intervention (counseling), Immunopathology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immune system, Coronavirus, Host response, Virus, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Virology, Pathology, Psychiatry, Real-time computing, Computer scienceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
55Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 1, 2023: 3, 2022: 5, 2021: 26Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
227Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3024682924 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| ids.mag | 3024682924 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32423059 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3024682924 |
| fwci | 1.49171812 |
| type | review |
| title | Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19 |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 8 |
| biblio.last_page | 224 |
| biblio.first_page | 224 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10041 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[0].display_name | COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9991999864578247 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[1].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11368 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9962000250816345 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2728 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Neurology |
| topics[2].display_name | Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2200 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2382 |
| apc_paid.value | 2200 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2382 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6942532658576965 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C89623803 |
| concepts[1].level | 5 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6413435935974121 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Pandemic |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C116675565 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6288958787918091 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Outbreak |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6201649904251099 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C3008058167 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5750259757041931 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C177713679 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5646361112594604 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2778363899 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5616313815116882 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23900955 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Window of opportunity |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.553671658039093 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C3020564189 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.5436855554580688 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963978 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Host factors |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2780665704 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.5270360112190247 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Intervention (counseling) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2780648854 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.5223245024681091 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745824 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Immunopathology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C3007834351 |
| concepts[11].level | 5 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.5169584155082703 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C8891405 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.470027893781662 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Immune system |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C2777648638 |
| concepts[13].level | 5 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.44635874032974243 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Coronavirus |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C2994443828 |
| concepts[14].level | 3 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.4223059415817261 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Host response |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C2522874641 |
| concepts[15].level | 2 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.3593865633010864 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Virus |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C524204448 |
| concepts[16].level | 3 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.28613245487213135 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.21854344010353088 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.08321896195411682 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C118552586 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.07015511393547058 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Psychiatry |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C79403827 |
| concepts[20].level | 1 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Real-time computing |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[21].level | 0 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6942532658576965 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6413435935974121 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Pandemic |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6288958787918091 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Outbreak |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6201649904251099 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019 |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5750259757041931 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5646361112594604 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/window-of-opportunity |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5616313815116882 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Window of opportunity |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.553671658039093 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/host-factors |
| keywords[8].score | 0.5436855554580688 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Host factors |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention |
| keywords[9].score | 0.5270360112190247 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Intervention (counseling) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunopathology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.5223245024681091 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Immunopathology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 |
| keywords[11].score | 0.5169584155082703 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system |
| keywords[12].score | 0.470027893781662 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Immune system |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus |
| keywords[13].score | 0.44635874032974243 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Coronavirus |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/host-response |
| keywords[14].score | 0.4223059415817261 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Host response |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virus |
| keywords[15].score | 0.3593865633010864 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Virus |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease |
| keywords[16].score | 0.28613245487213135 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[17].score | 0.21854344010353088 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[18].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology |
| keywords[18].score | 0.08321896195411682 |
| keywords[18].display_name | Pathology |
| keywords[19].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry |
| keywords[19].score | 0.07015511393547058 |
| keywords[19].display_name | Psychiatry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210226234 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2076-393X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2076-393X |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Vaccines |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224/pdf?version=1591024554 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Vaccines |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:32423059 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Vaccines |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32423059 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:arts.units.it:11368/2970495 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400480 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I142444530 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | University of Trieste |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I142444530 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7349555 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Vaccines (Basel) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7349555 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:iris.unige.it:11567/1024113 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4377196291 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | University of Genoa |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| locations[4].license | other-oa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1024113 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:04a9a0d110a54dafa32cad4fd84baf26 |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[5].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | article |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | Vaccines, Vol 8, Iss 2, p 224 (2020) |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/04a9a0d110a54dafa32cad4fd84baf26 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5010530437 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4028-4194 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Sara Lega |
| authorships[0].countries | IT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799929701 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799929701 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03t1jzs40 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799929701, https://openalex.org/I4210153126 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Sara Lega |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079765999 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-9965 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Samuele Naviglio |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799929701 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799929701 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03t1jzs40 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799929701, https://openalex.org/I4210153126 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Samuele Naviglio |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5042075574 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7129-868X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Stefano Volpi |
| authorships[2].countries | IT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801463291, https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801463291 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0424g0k78 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801463291, https://openalex.org/I4210153126 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Istituto Giannina Gaslini |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0107c5v14 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I83816512 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of Genoa |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Stefano Volpi |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini and Università degli Studi di Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077006699 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-7927 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Alberto Tommasini |
| authorships[3].countries | IT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142444530 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799929701 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799929701 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03t1jzs40 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799929701, https://openalex.org/I4210153126 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I142444530 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02n742c10 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I142444530 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | University of Trieste |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Alberto Tommasini |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224/pdf?version=1591024554 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19 |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10041 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| primary_topic.display_name | COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2480495395, https://openalex.org/W937390677, https://openalex.org/W2443568889, https://openalex.org/W2026649815, https://openalex.org/W2134483938, https://openalex.org/W2563843192, https://openalex.org/W2889266231, https://openalex.org/W24476902, https://openalex.org/W2076227089, https://openalex.org/W2757542359 |
| cited_by_count | 55 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 26 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 18 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210226234 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2076-393X |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2076-393X |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Vaccines |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224/pdf?version=1591024554 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Vaccines |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210226234 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2076-393X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2076-393X |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Vaccines |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/224/pdf?version=1591024554 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Vaccines |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020224 |
| publication_date | 2020-05-14 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3008786256, https://openalex.org/W3014712943, https://openalex.org/W3013967887, https://openalex.org/W3018796629, https://openalex.org/W2470646526, https://openalex.org/W3002108456, https://openalex.org/W6773985665, https://openalex.org/W3014095365, https://openalex.org/W3014199470, https://openalex.org/W3003217347, https://openalex.org/W3010020071, https://openalex.org/W3012180666, https://openalex.org/W1966238900, https://openalex.org/W3004348779, https://openalex.org/W3009912996, https://openalex.org/W2152329221, https://openalex.org/W1591765772, https://openalex.org/W3007643904, https://openalex.org/W3010441732, https://openalex.org/W3015190630, https://openalex.org/W4206027798, https://openalex.org/W2134872401, https://openalex.org/W3015281372, https://openalex.org/W2001788362, https://openalex.org/W2082133861, https://openalex.org/W2091671824, https://openalex.org/W2731047190, https://openalex.org/W3001897055, https://openalex.org/W2914364681, https://openalex.org/W3003154936, https://openalex.org/W3017125154, https://openalex.org/W3020548113, https://openalex.org/W3020128117, https://openalex.org/W2610356532, https://openalex.org/W3016771699, https://openalex.org/W3017326650, https://openalex.org/W3013176450, https://openalex.org/W2134266729, https://openalex.org/W3012862568, https://openalex.org/W3198161415, https://openalex.org/W3005079553, https://openalex.org/W2016749309, https://openalex.org/W2154850912, https://openalex.org/W2099866950, https://openalex.org/W1972126235, https://openalex.org/W2103208261, https://openalex.org/W2153593258, https://openalex.org/W3016171365, https://openalex.org/W2965379348, https://openalex.org/W2970446791, https://openalex.org/W2810965160, https://openalex.org/W2072517432, https://openalex.org/W2015784896, https://openalex.org/W2114421191, https://openalex.org/W3021565497, https://openalex.org/W2177688284, https://openalex.org/W3029632150, https://openalex.org/W3013959692, https://openalex.org/W1859742880, https://openalex.org/W1977728069, https://openalex.org/W2011270644, https://openalex.org/W6635504332, https://openalex.org/W3017324456, https://openalex.org/W3010198307, https://openalex.org/W2267315119, https://openalex.org/W2002012748, https://openalex.org/W2884893672, https://openalex.org/W1943771969, https://openalex.org/W2418601731, https://openalex.org/W3014185271, https://openalex.org/W3019812663, https://openalex.org/W3018910405, https://openalex.org/W1966278779, https://openalex.org/W2325881814, https://openalex.org/W2973147058, https://openalex.org/W2968600577, https://openalex.org/W3007929363, https://openalex.org/W2915839491, https://openalex.org/W3040268873, https://openalex.org/W3014573995, https://openalex.org/W6636217903, https://openalex.org/W3012113255, https://openalex.org/W2129867060, https://openalex.org/W1966478716, https://openalex.org/W3007678386, https://openalex.org/W3008090866, https://openalex.org/W3009314935, https://openalex.org/W3013042152, https://openalex.org/W2130450914, https://openalex.org/W1975077407, https://openalex.org/W2047882003, https://openalex.org/W3011508332, https://openalex.org/W3016288338, https://openalex.org/W3016393661, https://openalex.org/W3010361335, https://openalex.org/W1993413291, https://openalex.org/W3016641765, https://openalex.org/W3014027512, https://openalex.org/W3016123694, https://openalex.org/W3016469463, https://openalex.org/W3012339747, https://openalex.org/W3018257933, https://openalex.org/W3023826646, https://openalex.org/W3023640683, https://openalex.org/W3023751598, https://openalex.org/W2136991900, https://openalex.org/W2140058614, https://openalex.org/W2149378058, https://openalex.org/W2101951838, https://openalex.org/W2625678623, https://openalex.org/W6762758481, https://openalex.org/W2956755881, https://openalex.org/W3008222332, https://openalex.org/W2082708772, https://openalex.org/W2995449088, https://openalex.org/W2115343997, https://openalex.org/W2074963908, https://openalex.org/W2106212645, https://openalex.org/W2094830672, https://openalex.org/W2113504488, https://openalex.org/W2192594693, https://openalex.org/W2084395214, https://openalex.org/W3016008539, https://openalex.org/W2273799513, https://openalex.org/W2574674925, https://openalex.org/W3013378385, https://openalex.org/W2160534673, https://openalex.org/W3011127849, https://openalex.org/W1982754464, https://openalex.org/W1876307409, https://openalex.org/W2103503670, https://openalex.org/W2411425451, https://openalex.org/W2799839529, https://openalex.org/W2770032478, https://openalex.org/W2614500237, https://openalex.org/W2916116386, https://openalex.org/W2740959450, https://openalex.org/W2781555529, https://openalex.org/W2734949631, https://openalex.org/W2419297424, https://openalex.org/W3006961006, https://openalex.org/W2129542667, https://openalex.org/W2150120685, https://openalex.org/W3012379316, https://openalex.org/W3005212621, https://openalex.org/W3015490759, https://openalex.org/W3018023298, https://openalex.org/W3012455685, https://openalex.org/W3011779988, https://openalex.org/W3013463737, https://openalex.org/W2054076340, https://openalex.org/W3010673910, https://openalex.org/W3012413501, https://openalex.org/W3013577603, https://openalex.org/W3013174684, https://openalex.org/W3019762530, https://openalex.org/W3025972894, https://openalex.org/W3023698680, https://openalex.org/W3001118548, https://openalex.org/W2787301955, https://openalex.org/W3014333693, https://openalex.org/W3016759737, https://openalex.org/W3021915688, https://openalex.org/W3023088605, https://openalex.org/W3023566105, https://openalex.org/W3021328077, https://openalex.org/W3015607499, https://openalex.org/W3015861468, https://openalex.org/W4313347683, https://openalex.org/W2006181104, https://openalex.org/W2522653422, https://openalex.org/W2096238447, https://openalex.org/W2148822770, https://openalex.org/W3008954191, https://openalex.org/W3013742505, https://openalex.org/W3014735311, https://openalex.org/W3007114958, https://openalex.org/W2325914097, https://openalex.org/W3016744695, https://openalex.org/W2955112665, https://openalex.org/W3004919484, https://openalex.org/W3017440151, https://openalex.org/W2769689735, https://openalex.org/W2165929860, https://openalex.org/W2016874747, https://openalex.org/W2166726995, https://openalex.org/W1761204585, https://openalex.org/W3011610993, https://openalex.org/W3007191415, https://openalex.org/W3009120067, https://openalex.org/W3011863580, https://openalex.org/W2156368174, https://openalex.org/W2141787825, https://openalex.org/W2474518709, https://openalex.org/W2025080738, https://openalex.org/W1662940398, https://openalex.org/W2555838982, https://openalex.org/W1607296675, https://openalex.org/W2114009119, https://openalex.org/W1972318559, https://openalex.org/W1971932781, https://openalex.org/W2155460734, https://openalex.org/W2100609582, https://openalex.org/W3001523894, https://openalex.org/W1999546368, https://openalex.org/W2004583429, https://openalex.org/W3102142150, https://openalex.org/W4242974452, https://openalex.org/W3014524604, https://openalex.org/W3033884900, https://openalex.org/W3010930696, https://openalex.org/W3014997171, https://openalex.org/W3016322638, https://openalex.org/W3043002108, https://openalex.org/W3017304088, https://openalex.org/W3040917280, https://openalex.org/W3020909574, https://openalex.org/W3016611530, https://openalex.org/W3092779745, https://openalex.org/W1602670622, https://openalex.org/W3165656738, https://openalex.org/W3047913942, https://openalex.org/W3009885589, https://openalex.org/W3014823176, https://openalex.org/W2945279735, https://openalex.org/W3016363894, https://openalex.org/W3020301027 |
| referenced_works_count | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 35, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.So | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 30, 61, 110, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 9, 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 37, 48, 105, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 129, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 17, 27, 33, 43, 72, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 22, 65, 107, 113, 134, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 4, 19, 44, 49, 51, 103, 124, 130, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.why | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.far, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.host | 23, 52, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ill. | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.made | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mild | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.some | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drugs | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.great | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.become | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direct | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effort | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mainly | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.others | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raised | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recent | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus, | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.window | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attempt | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clarify | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 20, 28, 63, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerged | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explain | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Covid-19 | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changing | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manifest | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outbreak | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 76, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severely | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severity | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underway | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antiviral | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discusses | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.globally, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.morbidity | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mortality | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spreading | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptoms. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cytopathic | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypotheses | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mortality. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predispose | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researches | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summarizes | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understand | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coronavirus | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determining | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interaction | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opportunity | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progression | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supportive. | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatments. | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SARS-CoV-2) | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Accumulating | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogenesis | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pharmacologic | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunomodulating | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hyper-inflammatory | 53 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5079765999 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799929701 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8700000047683716 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.89578877 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |