Reconciling and Improving Formulations for Thermodynamics and Conservation Principles in Earth System Models (ESMs) Article Swipe
P. H. Lauritzen
,
Nicholas Kevlahan
,
Thomas Toniazzo
,
Christopher Eldred
,
Thomas Dubos
,
Almut Gaßmann
,
Vincent E. Larson
,
Christiane Jablonowski
,
Oksana Guba
,
Ben Shipway
,
Bryce E. Harrop
,
Florian Lemarié
,
Rémi Tailleux
,
Adam Herrington
,
William G. Large
,
Philip J. Rasch
,
Aaron S. Donahue
,
Hui Wan
,
Andrew Conley
,
Julio T. Bacmeister
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117
This paper provides a comprehensive derivation of the total energy equations for the atmospheric components of Earth System Models (ESMs). The assumptions and approximations made in this derivation are motivated and discussed. In particular, it is emphasized that closing the energy budget is conceptually challenging and hard to achieve in practice without resorting to ad hoc fixers. As a concrete example, the energy budget terms are diagnosed in a realistic climate simulation using a global atmosphere model. The largest total energy errors in this example are spurious dynamical core energy dissipation, thermodynamic inconsistencies (e.g., coupling parameterizations with the host model) and missing processes/terms associated with falling precipitation and evaporation (e.g., enthalpy flux between components). The latter two errors are not, in general, reduced by increasing horizontal resolution. They are due to incomplete thermodynamic and dynamic formulations. Future research directions are proposed to reconcile and improve thermodynamics formulations and conservation principles.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 29
- References
- 137
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4293201966
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4293201966Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Reconciling and Improving Formulations for Thermodynamics and Conservation Principles in Earth System Models (ESMs)Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-08-24Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
P. H. Lauritzen, Nicholas Kevlahan, Thomas Toniazzo, Christopher Eldred, Thomas Dubos, Almut Gaßmann, Vincent E. Larson, Christiane Jablonowski, Oksana Guba, Ben Shipway, Bryce E. Harrop, Florian Lemarié, Rémi Tailleux, Adam Herrington, William G. Large, Philip J. Rasch, Aaron S. Donahue, Hui Wan, Andrew Conley, Julio T. BacmeisterList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Spurious relationship, Dissipation, Earth system science, Statistical physics, Computer science, Physics, Thermodynamics, Applied mathematics, Mathematics, Geology, Machine learning, OceanographyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
29Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 10, 2023: 8, 2022: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
137Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4293201966 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4293201966 |
| fwci | 3.96292825 |
| type | article |
| title | Reconciling and Improving Formulations for Thermodynamics and Conservation Principles in Earth System Models (ESMs) |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G8237277655 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | Project‐ID 274762653 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G6465823045 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320332181 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | NA17OAR4320152 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G234242860 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320306076 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | 1852977 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | National Science Foundation |
| awards[3].id | https://openalex.org/G3174574553 |
| awards[3].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| awards[3].display_name | |
| awards[3].funder_award_id | TRR 181 |
| awards[3].funder_display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| biblio.issue | 9 |
| biblio.volume | 14 |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10029 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9990000128746033 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[0].display_name | Climate variability and models |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11588 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9986000061035156 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[1].display_name | Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10466 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/19 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Earth and Planetary Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9952999949455261 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1902 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Atmospheric Science |
| topics[2].display_name | Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320306076 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/021nxhr62 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Science Foundation |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320308812 |
| funders[1].ror | |
| funders[1].display_name | ASCRS Research Foundation |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320314000 |
| funders[2].ror | https://ror.org/03ty8yr27 |
| funders[2].display_name | Compute Canada |
| funders[3].id | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| funders[3].ror | https://ror.org/018mejw64 |
| funders[3].display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| funders[4].id | https://openalex.org/F4320323299 |
| funders[4].ror | https://ror.org/00epmv149 |
| funders[4].display_name | Norges Forskningsråd |
| funders[5].id | https://openalex.org/F4320332181 |
| funders[5].ror | https://ror.org/02z5nhe81 |
| funders[5].display_name | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| funders[6].id | https://openalex.org/F4320332359 |
| funders[6].ror | https://ror.org/00mmn6b08 |
| funders[6].display_name | Office of Science |
| funders[7].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334593 |
| funders[7].ror | https://ror.org/01h531d29 |
| funders[7].display_name | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1500 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1500 |
| apc_paid.value | 1500 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1500 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C97256817 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6212245225906372 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Spurious relationship |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C135402231 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5381757616996765 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Dissipation |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C80368990 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4709374010562897 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Earth system science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C121864883 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.3908170461654663 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Statistical physics |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3755944073200226 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.33861106634140015 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C97355855 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.32853472232818604 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C28826006 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3263523578643799 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Applied mathematics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.18219846487045288 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.15853863954544067 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C119857082 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Machine learning |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C111368507 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Oceanography |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6212245225906372 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Spurious relationship |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5381757616996765 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Dissipation |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-system-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4709374010562897 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Earth system science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics |
| keywords[3].score | 0.3908170461654663 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Statistical physics |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3755944073200226 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.33861106634140015 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.32853472232818604 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3263523578643799 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Applied mathematics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[8].score | 0.18219846487045288 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.15853863954544067 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Geology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S185824406 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1942-2466 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1942-2466 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:106485 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402273 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | CentAUR (University of Reading) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I71052956 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | University of Reading |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I71052956 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | PeerReviewed |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90000948.html> |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03769231v1 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402512 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Journal articles |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 2022, pp.1-99. ⟨10.1029/2022MS003117⟩ |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://inria.hal.science/hal-03769231 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:noaa.stacks:noaa:58223 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4377196172 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | NOAA Institutional Repository |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 14(9) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58223 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:1887625 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[4].license | |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | |
| locations[4].license_id | |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1887625 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:1889775 |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[5].license | |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | |
| locations[5].license_id | |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1889775 |
| locations[6].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:1889813 |
| locations[6].is_oa | True |
| locations[6].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[6].source.issn | |
| locations[6].source.type | repository |
| locations[6].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[6].source.issn_l | |
| locations[6].source.is_core | False |
| locations[6].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[6].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[6].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[6].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[6].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[6].license | |
| locations[6].pdf_url | |
| locations[6].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[6].raw_type | |
| locations[6].license_id | |
| locations[6].is_accepted | False |
| locations[6].is_published | False |
| locations[6].raw_source_name | |
| locations[6].landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1889813 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083624624 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7066-138X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | P. H. Lauritzen |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qrb1j36 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210133469, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | NSF NCAR Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I107766831 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cvfcr44 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | P. H. Lauritzen |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5041324140 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7929-7668 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Nicholas Kevlahan |
| authorships[1].countries | CA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | N. K.‐R. Kevlahan |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025693557 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9375-7034 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Thomas Toniazzo |
| authorships[2].countries | NO, SE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799966484, https://openalex.org/I4210107808 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NORCE Research and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I161593684 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799966484 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/011n96f14 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799966484 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | NO |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210107808 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02gagpf75 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210107808 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | NO |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | NORCE Research AS |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I161593684 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/05f0yaq80 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I161593684 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].country_code | SE |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].display_name | Stockholm University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | T. Toniazzo |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, NORCE Research and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032828906 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-2025 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Christopher Eldred |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210104735 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210104735 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01apwpt12 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I198811213, https://openalex.org/I4210104735 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Sandia National Laboratories |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | C. Eldred |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5009405386 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-4211 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Thomas Dubos |
| authorships[4].countries | FR |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142476485, https://openalex.org/I4210087306 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL École Polytechnique Palaiseau France |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210087306 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/000ehr937 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I142476485, https://openalex.org/I142631665, https://openalex.org/I2746051580, https://openalex.org/I29607241, https://openalex.org/I39804081, https://openalex.org/I4210087306, https://openalex.org/I4210145102, https://openalex.org/I4210148025 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | FR |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I142476485 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05hy3tk52 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I142476485, https://openalex.org/I4210145102 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | FR |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | École Polytechnique |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | T. Dubos |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL École Polytechnique Palaiseau France |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065424440 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6828-1898 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Almut Gaßmann |
| authorships[5].countries | DE |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210136164 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Leibniz‐Institut fur Atmosphärenphysik Kühlungsborn Germany |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210136164 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04enhpe73 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I315704651, https://openalex.org/I4210136164, https://openalex.org/I4665924 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Rostock University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | A. Gassmann |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Leibniz‐Institut fur Atmosphärenphysik Kühlungsborn Germany |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058663447 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-8525 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Vincent E. Larson |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Richland WA USA |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05h992307 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1325736334, https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I142606810, https://openalex.org/I39565521 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | V. E. Larson |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Richland WA USA, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079274357 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-0092 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Christiane Jablonowski |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I27837315 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I27837315 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00jmfr291 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I27837315 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University of Michigan |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | C. Jablonowski |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052733055 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7242-7001 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Oksana Guba |
| authorships[8].countries | US |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210104735 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210104735 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01apwpt12 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I198811213, https://openalex.org/I4210104735 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Sandia National Laboratories |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | O. Guba |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018583691 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-0789 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Ben Shipway |
| authorships[9].countries | GB |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1293035123 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Met Office, Exeter, UK |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1293035123 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01ch2yn61 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1293035123 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Met Office |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | B. Shipway |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Met Office, Exeter, UK |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5074698633 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-4525 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Bryce E. Harrop |
| authorships[10].countries | US |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05h992307 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1325736334, https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I142606810, https://openalex.org/I39565521 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | B. E. Harrop |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5066888407 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-402X |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Florian Lemarié |
| authorships[11].countries | FR |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106785703, https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I4210101348, https://openalex.org/I4210149092, https://openalex.org/I899635006 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP, LJK, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210101348 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00n8d6z93 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1326498283, https://openalex.org/I4210101348 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | FR |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | Centre Inria de l'Université Grenoble Alpes |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02feahw73 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].country_code | FR |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].display_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I106785703 |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/05sbt2524 |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106785703, https://openalex.org/I899635006 |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].country_code | FR |
| authorships[11].institutions[2].display_name | Institut polytechnique de Grenoble |
| authorships[11].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149092 |
| authorships[11].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/04ett5b41 |
| authorships[11].institutions[3].type | facility |
| authorships[11].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106785703, https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I1326498283, https://openalex.org/I4210149092, https://openalex.org/I899635006, https://openalex.org/I899635006 |
| authorships[11].institutions[3].country_code | FR |
| authorships[11].institutions[3].display_name | Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann |
| authorships[11].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I899635006 |
| authorships[11].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/02rx3b187 |
| authorships[11].institutions[4].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I899635006 |
| authorships[11].institutions[4].country_code | FR |
| authorships[11].institutions[4].display_name | Université Grenoble Alpes |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | F. Lemarié |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP, LJK, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004317310 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-9107 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Rémi Tailleux |
| authorships[12].countries | GB |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I71052956 |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I71052956 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05v62cm79 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I71052956 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name | University of Reading |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | R. Tailleux |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102759208 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5473-6986 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Adam Herrington |
| authorships[13].countries | US |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qrb1j36 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210133469, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name | NSF NCAR Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I107766831 |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cvfcr44 |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].display_name | NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | A. R. Herrington |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5021731435 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | William G. Large |
| authorships[14].countries | US |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qrb1j36 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210133469, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name | NSF NCAR Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory |
| authorships[14].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I107766831 |
| authorships[14].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cvfcr44 |
| authorships[14].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[14].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[14].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[14].institutions[1].display_name | NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| authorships[14].author_position | middle |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | W. Large |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[15].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024879281 |
| authorships[15].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-2174 |
| authorships[15].author.display_name | Philip J. Rasch |
| authorships[15].countries | US |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05h992307 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1325736334, https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I142606810, https://openalex.org/I39565521 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].display_name | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| authorships[15].author_position | middle |
| authorships[15].raw_author_name | P. J. Rasch |
| authorships[15].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[15].raw_affiliation_strings | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[16].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027840138 |
| authorships[16].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4710-753X |
| authorships[16].author.display_name | Aaron S. Donahue |
| authorships[16].countries | US |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I148283060 |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I148283060 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02jbv0t02 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I148283060, https://openalex.org/I39565521 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].display_name | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
| authorships[16].author_position | middle |
| authorships[16].raw_author_name | A. S. Donahue |
| authorships[16].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[16].raw_affiliation_strings | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA |
| authorships[17].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085932755 |
| authorships[17].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-4116 |
| authorships[17].author.display_name | Hui Wan |
| authorships[17].countries | US |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I142606810 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05h992307 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1325736334, https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I142606810, https://openalex.org/I39565521 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].display_name | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |
| authorships[17].author_position | middle |
| authorships[17].raw_author_name | H. Wan |
| authorships[17].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[17].raw_affiliation_strings | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, USA |
| authorships[18].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5041568607 |
| authorships[18].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-9906 |
| authorships[18].author.display_name | Andrew Conley |
| authorships[18].countries | US |
| authorships[18].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[18].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qrb1j36 |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210133469, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[18].institutions[0].display_name | NSF NCAR Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I107766831 |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cvfcr44 |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[18].institutions[1].display_name | NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| authorships[18].author_position | middle |
| authorships[18].raw_author_name | A. Conley |
| authorships[18].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[18].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[19].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012659506 |
| authorships[19].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-975X |
| authorships[19].author.display_name | Julio T. Bacmeister |
| authorships[19].countries | US |
| authorships[19].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[19].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qrb1j36 |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210133469, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[19].institutions[0].display_name | NSF NCAR Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I107766831 |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05cvfcr44 |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I1311060795, https://openalex.org/I2799356940, https://openalex.org/I4210141337, https://openalex.org/I4210150888 |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[19].institutions[1].display_name | NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research |
| authorships[19].author_position | last |
| authorships[19].raw_author_name | J. T. Bacmeister |
| authorships[19].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[19].raw_affiliation_strings | Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Reconciling and Improving Formulations for Thermodynamics and Conservation Principles in Earth System Models (ESMs) |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10029 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9990000128746033 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| primary_topic.display_name | Climate variability and models |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3113091479, https://openalex.org/W2162899405, https://openalex.org/W941090075, https://openalex.org/W2044987316, https://openalex.org/W3134374554, https://openalex.org/W2237480245, https://openalex.org/W2075065631, https://openalex.org/W2519167559, https://openalex.org/W4311248832, https://openalex.org/W4386113923 |
| cited_by_count | 29 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 10 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 7 |
| locations_count | 7 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S185824406 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1942-2466 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1942-2466 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S185824406 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1942-2466 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1942-2466 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003117 |
| publication_date | 2022-08-24 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2951436624, https://openalex.org/W2971199049, https://openalex.org/W2159616614, https://openalex.org/W2178159858, https://openalex.org/W2071241861, https://openalex.org/W1977998515, https://openalex.org/W2107619816, https://openalex.org/W2175743979, https://openalex.org/W2064800606, https://openalex.org/W2969109886, https://openalex.org/W2173588483, https://openalex.org/W2055503320, https://openalex.org/W2145335505, https://openalex.org/W2069201694, https://openalex.org/W2092864581, https://openalex.org/W4297198921, https://openalex.org/W2889174971, https://openalex.org/W1999826014, https://openalex.org/W1964423615, https://openalex.org/W2047854586, https://openalex.org/W1973060549, https://openalex.org/W2998885490, https://openalex.org/W2337485050, https://openalex.org/W2318219395, https://openalex.org/W3032040586, https://openalex.org/W1986352825, https://openalex.org/W2160689435, https://openalex.org/W2033132560, https://openalex.org/W2035363503, https://openalex.org/W2831765377, https://openalex.org/W2274167053, https://openalex.org/W2884855166, https://openalex.org/W3025579535, https://openalex.org/W3130714427, https://openalex.org/W2529634650, https://openalex.org/W4225728454, https://openalex.org/W4388291174, https://openalex.org/W2110988967, https://openalex.org/W1965910556, https://openalex.org/W1969639870, https://openalex.org/W2964527840, https://openalex.org/W2515225765, https://openalex.org/W2800445250, https://openalex.org/W2038408857, https://openalex.org/W2775245804, https://openalex.org/W1971352345, https://openalex.org/W2098606678, https://openalex.org/W3096136884, https://openalex.org/W2913747079, https://openalex.org/W2153555417, https://openalex.org/W2979696800, https://openalex.org/W2141208140, https://openalex.org/W2921025948, https://openalex.org/W2006685249, https://openalex.org/W2024297382, https://openalex.org/W2888687049, https://openalex.org/W2889947630, https://openalex.org/W2772787098, https://openalex.org/W4210792700, https://openalex.org/W2982625375, https://openalex.org/W2008642300, https://openalex.org/W1996524448, https://openalex.org/W2947273758, https://openalex.org/W2130591164, https://openalex.org/W2994722644, https://openalex.org/W2162550557, https://openalex.org/W2128922931, https://openalex.org/W2154843860, https://openalex.org/W2175441197, https://openalex.org/W3120653659, https://openalex.org/W2014537219, https://openalex.org/W2495051420, https://openalex.org/W2946109580, https://openalex.org/W1510723301, https://openalex.org/W2172820674, https://openalex.org/W2170397964, https://openalex.org/W2126276143, https://openalex.org/W2806863959, https://openalex.org/W2549404602, https://openalex.org/W2911993345, https://openalex.org/W2021207726, https://openalex.org/W2109356213, https://openalex.org/W4293060332, https://openalex.org/W2100329554, https://openalex.org/W4253434726, https://openalex.org/W2087638916, https://openalex.org/W6968482080, https://openalex.org/W2747161149, https://openalex.org/W2913328583, https://openalex.org/W2770380711, https://openalex.org/W4229601968, https://openalex.org/W2055715155, https://openalex.org/W2174934478, https://openalex.org/W2052795584, https://openalex.org/W1997110993, https://openalex.org/W2961333750, https://openalex.org/W2308069605, https://openalex.org/W1523631876, https://openalex.org/W2141968287, https://openalex.org/W2792223170, https://openalex.org/W2076690115, https://openalex.org/W2168795429, https://openalex.org/W2052090341, https://openalex.org/W2772554163, https://openalex.org/W30422868, https://openalex.org/W1974404496, https://openalex.org/W2997129356, https://openalex.org/W2594598088, https://openalex.org/W2795921701, https://openalex.org/W2094851523, https://openalex.org/W2172400319, https://openalex.org/W2801930082, https://openalex.org/W4232473186, https://openalex.org/W2013296434, https://openalex.org/W2117081693, https://openalex.org/W4251603818, https://openalex.org/W4211257092, https://openalex.org/W2012227846, https://openalex.org/W1605883162, https://openalex.org/W2128063115, https://openalex.org/W2909028901, https://openalex.org/W2143040822, https://openalex.org/W2116168713, https://openalex.org/W2134281251, https://openalex.org/W107014051, https://openalex.org/W2775398072, https://openalex.org/W1974117110, https://openalex.org/W3102430830, https://openalex.org/W4298011665, https://openalex.org/W3099024754, https://openalex.org/W2132051967, https://openalex.org/W3004233225, https://openalex.org/W3099519190, https://openalex.org/W3103669899, https://openalex.org/W3101205404, https://openalex.org/W583071513, https://openalex.org/W4210898716 |
| referenced_works_count | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 4, 59, 69, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ad | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 26, 50, 68, 83, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 36, 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 48, 54, 131, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 21, 78, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 23, 31, 46, 101, 108, 134, 144, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 29, 66, 86, 119, 129, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hoc | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 8, 13, 40, 62, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.They | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.core | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flux | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hard | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.host | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.made | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not, | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 27, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 97, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Earth | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terms | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 9, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(e.g., | 94, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Future | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Models | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.System | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.budget | 42, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 10, 41, 63, 81, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors | 82, 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latter | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model) | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model. | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ESMs). | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.climate | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closing | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.example | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.falling | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fixers. | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.largest | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.missing | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concrete | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupling | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enthalpy | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.example, | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general, | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practice | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spurious | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosed | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamical | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equations | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.motivated | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.realistic | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reconcile | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resorting | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.atmosphere | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derivation | 6, 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directions | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed. | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasized | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.horizontal | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incomplete | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assumptions | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.atmospheric | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenging | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaporation | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular, | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principles. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolution. | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components). | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conceptually | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conservation | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissipation, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulations | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulations. | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precipitation | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thermodynamic | 92, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximations | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thermodynamics | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inconsistencies | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes/terms | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameterizations | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5083624624 |
| countries_distinct_count | 7 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 20 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I107766831, https://openalex.org/I4210133469 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7599999904632568 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Climate action |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.93070928 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |