Regulated and unregulated emissions and exhaust flow measurement of four in-use high performance motorcycles Article Swipe
Martin Pechout
,
Petr Jindra
,
J. Hart
,
Michal Vojtíšek-Lom
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100170
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100170
Exhaust emissions from four larger motorcycles, 599–1078 cm3 engine displacement, 2008 to 2015 model years, were measured on a chassis dynamometer using cold and hot engine start World Motorcycle Transient Cycle. Raw exhaust gas was sampled and analyzed online by a portable FTIR analyzer, providing mid-infrared spectra which was resolved for greenhouse gases CO2, methane and N2O, and for NO, NO2, NH3, CO and formaldehyde. Total number of non-volatile particles was measured by a portable counter. Particle size distributions were measured by fast electric mobility sizers, each with a different diluter. As a novel approach, useful for on-road measurements, exhaust flow was measured using a high time resolution Pitot tube, resolving rapid pulsations and reverse flows in the exhaust pipe which were often of higher magnitude than the average flow. The fuel consumption inferred from carbon emissions calculated from measured exhaust flow and the exhaust gas composition measured by the portable FTIR was, for all bikes, within 6% of the gravimetric fuel consumption measurement. The CO2, CO and NO emissions based on diluted exhaust gas sampled from a full-flow dilution tunnel were comparable to those based on raw exhaust gas composition and exhaust flow measured by the fast-response Pitot tube. Emissions of NH3 were 27–273 mg/km and were associated primarily with fuel-rich operation during transients, while emissions of NO were 30–509 mg/km were associated with slightly lean operation and/or high exhaust flows, suggesting the three-way catalytic converters were perhaps undersized, but generally working, and the emissions of NO and NH3 are attributed primarily to non-stoichiometric operation, primarily during transients. Methane and N2O constituted about 1% of the global warming potential of CO2. The average number of non-volatile particles per km varied from 26 to 270 billion (2.6–27 × 1011). From all particles within the 5–560 nm range, 29–75% were smaller than 23 nm. Particle sizers were reporting higher concentrations of nanoparticles when connected to a heated two-stage ejector diluter compared to a rotating disc diluter.
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Metadata
- Type
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- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100170
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 29
- Related Works
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- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4229449481Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100170Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Regulated and unregulated emissions and exhaust flow measurement of four in-use high performance motorcyclesWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2022Year of publication
- Publication date
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2022-04-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Martin Pechout, Petr Jindra, J. Hart, Michal Vojtíšek-LomList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100170Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100170Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Exhaust gas, Pitot tube, Environmental science, Exhaust gas recirculation, Driving cycle, Catalytic converter, Cold start (automotive), Diesel particulate filter, Automotive engineering, Flow (mathematics), Waste management, Engineering, Mechanics, Power (physics), Electric vehicle, Quantum mechanics, PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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8Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 3, 2024: 2, 2023: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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29Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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