Relationship between Reaction Times and Post-COVID-19 Symptoms Assessed by a Web-Based Visual Detection Task Article Swipe
Natale Vincenzo Maiorana
,
Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
,
Barbara Poletti
,
Fabrizio Carusi
,
Angelica De Sandi
,
Matteo Guidetti
,
Roberto Prandin
,
Sara Marceglia
,
Nicola Ticozzi
,
Vincenzo Silani
,
Alberto Priori
,
Roberta Ferrucci
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030284
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030284
Long-COVID is a clinical condition in which patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 usually report a wide range of physical and cognitive symptoms from 3 to 6 months after the infection recovery. The aim of the current study was to assess the link between self-reported long-COVID symptoms and reaction times (RTs) in a self-administered Visual Detection Task (VDT) in order to identify the predictor symptoms of the slowing in reaction times to determine attention impairment. In total, 362 participants (age (mean ± S.D.: 38.56 ± 13.14); sex (female–male: 73.76–26.24%)) responded to a web-based self-report questionnaire consisting of four sections: demographics, disease-related characteristics, and medical history questions. The final section consisted of a 23 item 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire related to long-term COVID-19 symptoms. After completing the questionnaire, subjects performed a VDT on a tablet screen to assess reaction times (RTs). An exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) was performed on the 23 long-COVID symptom questions, identifying 4 factors (cognition, behavior, physical condition, presence of anosmia and/or ageusia). The most important predictors of RTs were cognition and physical factors. By dissecting the cognitive and physical factors, learning, visual impairment, and headache were the top predictors of subjects’ performance in the VDT. Long-COVID subjects showed higher RTs in the VDT after a considerable time post-disease, suggesting the presence of an attention deficit disorder. Attention impairment due to COVID-19 can be due to the presence of headaches, visual impairments, and the presence of cognitive problems related to the difficulty in learning new activities. The link between the slowing of reaction times and physical and cognitive symptoms post-COVID-19 suggests that attention deficit disorder is caused by a complex interaction between physical and cognitive symptoms. In addition, the study provides evidence that RTs in a VDT represent a reliable measure to detect the presence of long-COVID neurological sequelae.
Related Topics
Concepts
Cognition
Psychology
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Medicine
Anosmia
Audiology
Disease
Clinical psychology
Physical therapy
Psychiatry
Internal medicine
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030284
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/3/284/pdf?version=1673940970
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 12
- References
- 76
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4316805779
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4316805779Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030284Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Relationship between Reaction Times and Post-COVID-19 Symptoms Assessed by a Web-Based Visual Detection TaskWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2023Year of publication
- Publication date
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2023-01-17Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Natale Vincenzo Maiorana, Edoardo Nicolò Aiello, Barbara Poletti, Fabrizio Carusi, Angelica De Sandi, Matteo Guidetti, Roberto Prandin, Sara Marceglia, Nicola Ticozzi, Vincenzo Silani, Alberto Priori, Roberta FerrucciList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030284Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/3/284/pdf?version=1673940970Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/3/284/pdf?version=1673940970Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Cognition, Psychology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Medicine, Anosmia, Audiology, Disease, Clinical psychology, Physical therapy, Psychiatry, Internal medicine, Infectious disease (medical specialty)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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12Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 5, 2024: 4, 2023: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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76Number of works referenced by this work
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-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3087600780, https://openalex.org/W3092136311, https://openalex.org/W3093338371, https://openalex.org/W3130589665, https://openalex.org/W3097880078, https://openalex.org/W3088463325, https://openalex.org/W3122426018, https://openalex.org/W3095826589, https://openalex.org/W3199542875, https://openalex.org/W3166251981, https://openalex.org/W3029258828, https://openalex.org/W3168010718, https://openalex.org/W6803580287, https://openalex.org/W4283747425, https://openalex.org/W3021266070, https://openalex.org/W3211942623, https://openalex.org/W3214334556, https://openalex.org/W4288926393, https://openalex.org/W3117181398, https://openalex.org/W3138948318, https://openalex.org/W3040367645, https://openalex.org/W3185740435, https://openalex.org/W4200066487, https://openalex.org/W3163758720, https://openalex.org/W3149594382, https://openalex.org/W3129951990, https://openalex.org/W3109863006, https://openalex.org/W3159296384, https://openalex.org/W3148312871, https://openalex.org/W3215754745, https://openalex.org/W3158540423, https://openalex.org/W3129342553, https://openalex.org/W3160364263, https://openalex.org/W4220692194, https://openalex.org/W2971864220, https://openalex.org/W4224139248, https://openalex.org/W2773223212, https://openalex.org/W3204570230, https://openalex.org/W3080315899, https://openalex.org/W3162859523, https://openalex.org/W4308008217, https://openalex.org/W4288748479, https://openalex.org/W2888081983, https://openalex.org/W2032743433, https://openalex.org/W6637766136, https://openalex.org/W2122463941, https://openalex.org/W2801490189, https://openalex.org/W3036853970, https://openalex.org/W2030448405, https://openalex.org/W3136736998, https://openalex.org/W3163056168, https://openalex.org/W3119324019, https://openalex.org/W3035136015, https://openalex.org/W3129290549, https://openalex.org/W4288050913, https://openalex.org/W1964061198, https://openalex.org/W4311677332, https://openalex.org/W3128361097, https://openalex.org/W3211724841, https://openalex.org/W3165710143, https://openalex.org/W4205277656, https://openalex.org/W4298002152, https://openalex.org/W4301606126, https://openalex.org/W2529912212, https://openalex.org/W2564779124, https://openalex.org/W2796661142, https://openalex.org/W1975291371, https://openalex.org/W2011717106, https://openalex.org/W6767166950, https://openalex.org/W3207426733, https://openalex.org/W4226209964, https://openalex.org/W3210183886, https://openalex.org/W4226319915, https://openalex.org/W2969427883, https://openalex.org/W4225664772, https://openalex.org/W1748168094 |
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| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I189158943, https://openalex.org/I4210113283, https://openalex.org/I4396570669 |
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