Research on Changes in the Phase Shift Angle and Admittance of the Cellulose–Bio-Oil Composite under the Influence of Increasing Moisture during the Long-Term Operation of Power Transformers Article Swipe
Paweł Żukowski
,
Konrad Kierczyński
,
Paweł Okal
,
Przemysław Rogalski
,
Marek Zenker
,
Rafal Pajak
,
Pawel Molenda
,
M. Szrot
,
Tomasz N. Kołtunowicz
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237880
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237880
In this study, the temperature–frequency dependencies of the pressboard–bio-oil–water nanoparticle composite’s fundamental parameters—phase shift angle and admittance—were examined using the Frequency Domain Spectroscopy method. Measurements were conducted in a frequency range of 10−4 Hz to 5 × 103 Hz at temperatures ranging from 293.15 K to 343.15 K, with a step of 10 K. The temperature stabilization accuracy was less than ±0.05 K. A total of 15 Arrhenius plots were determined for various phase shift angle values, from which 15 values and the average activation energy of relaxation time were determined. Similarly, the values of the activation energy of admittance relaxation time and the activation energy of admittance were determined. It was established that all three average values are identical within the bounds of uncertainty. Based on 45 values, a generalized activation energy was determined, with a value of ΔW ≈ (1.032 ± 0.0196) eV. Using the generalized activation energy value, the phase shift angle curves determined for all temperatures were recalculated to a temperature of 293.15 K. It was found that after conversion, all curves perfectly overlap. A similar operation was carried out for the frequency dependencies of admittance. In this case, too, the recalculated dependencies perfectly match. This means that the shape of the frequency dependencies of the phase shift angle and admittance depends solely on the moisture content in the pressboard–bio-oil–water nanodrop composite. The position of the curves in doubly logarithmic coordinates depends only on temperature and is determined by the generalized activation energy Using the generalized activation energy determined in this study will allow for the development of accurate methods for estimating moisture content in cellulose insulation of power transformers containing bio-oil. This will contribute to the detection of critical moisture content, which is about 5% by weight, and to the elimination of the risk, associated with such a high moisture content, of catastrophic failure of power transformers.
Related Topics
Concepts
Phase angle (astronomy)
Activation energy
Admittance
Materials science
Pressboard
Analytical Chemistry (journal)
Arrhenius equation
Composite number
Chemistry
Transformer
Electrical impedance
Composite material
Voltage
Electrical engineering
Physics
Optics
Chromatography
Engineering
Organic chemistry
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237880
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7880/pdf?version=1701442025
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 38
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4389246879
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4389246879Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237880Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Research on Changes in the Phase Shift Angle and Admittance of the Cellulose–Bio-Oil Composite under the Influence of Increasing Moisture during the Long-Term Operation of Power TransformersWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-12-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Paweł Żukowski, Konrad Kierczyński, Paweł Okal, Przemysław Rogalski, Marek Zenker, Rafal Pajak, Pawel Molenda, M. Szrot, Tomasz N. KołtunowiczList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237880Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7880/pdf?version=1701442025Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/23/7880/pdf?version=1701442025Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Phase angle (astronomy), Activation energy, Admittance, Materials science, Pressboard, Analytical Chemistry (journal), Arrhenius equation, Composite number, Chemistry, Transformer, Electrical impedance, Composite material, Voltage, Electrical engineering, Physics, Optics, Chromatography, Engineering, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
38Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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