Research on Multi-Objective Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Based on the Improved Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III Article Swipe
Xixing Li
,
Chao Gao
,
Jipeng Wang
,
Hongtao Tang
,
Tian Ma
,
Fenglian Yuan
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050734
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050734
To advance energy conservation and emissions reduction in urban logistics systems, this study focuses on the green vehicle routing problems with time windows (GVRPTWs), which remains underexplored in balancing environmental and service quality objectives. We propose a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework that addresses this gap by simultaneously minimizing total distribution costs and carbon emissions while maximizing customer satisfaction, quantified based on the vehicle’s arrival time at the customer location. The rationale for adopting this tri-objective formulation lies in its ability to reflect real-world trade-offs between economic efficiency, environmental performance, and service level, which are often considered in isolation in previous studies. To tackle this complex problem, we develop an improved Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) that incorporates three key enhancements: (1) an integer-encoded initialization method to enhance solution feasibility, (2) a refined selection strategy utilizing crowding distance to maintain population diversity, and (3) an embedded 2-opt local search operator to prevent premature convergence and avoid local optima. Comprehensive validation experiments using Solomon’s benchmark instances and a real-world case demonstrate that the presented algorithm consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art multi-objective optimization methods across key performance metrics. These results highlight the effectiveness and practical relevance of our approach in advancing energy-efficient, low-emission, and customer-centric urban logistics systems.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050734
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/734/pdf?version=1746803503
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 32
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4410232244
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://openalex.org/W4410232244Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050734Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Research on Multi-Objective Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows Based on the Improved Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm IIIWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-05-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Xixing Li, Chao Gao, Jipeng Wang, Hongtao Tang, Tian Ma, Fenglian YuanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050734Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/734/pdf?version=1746803503Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/734/pdf?version=1746803503Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Vehicle routing problem, Sorting, Computer science, Genetic algorithm, Algorithm, Sorting algorithm, Mathematical optimization, Routing (electronic design automation), Mathematics, Machine learning, Embedded systemTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
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32Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/17/5/734/pdf?version=1746803503 |
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| primary_location.raw_source_name | Symmetry |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050734 |
| publication_date | 2025-05-09 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6782897246, https://openalex.org/W3064555957, https://openalex.org/W2762118997, https://openalex.org/W2914792944, https://openalex.org/W3144601194, https://openalex.org/W2615458308, https://openalex.org/W2793654321, https://openalex.org/W2900384132, https://openalex.org/W2964487007, https://openalex.org/W3111952088, https://openalex.org/W3083547273, https://openalex.org/W4296935095, https://openalex.org/W4298222681, https://openalex.org/W2953998475, https://openalex.org/W2967838942, https://openalex.org/W2923104814, https://openalex.org/W3086753524, https://openalex.org/W4321483306, https://openalex.org/W2891202634, https://openalex.org/W3043516361, https://openalex.org/W3133338082, https://openalex.org/W4205662529, https://openalex.org/W4226110099, https://openalex.org/W4362640404, https://openalex.org/W2043459322, https://openalex.org/W4388642386, https://openalex.org/W2092041756, https://openalex.org/W1558919105, https://openalex.org/W2005783716, https://openalex.org/W1543520236, https://openalex.org/W2125899728, https://openalex.org/W2335249059 |
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