Research on the Crushing Process of PELE Casing Material Based on the Crack-Softening Algorithm and Stochastic Failure Algorithm Article Swipe
Liangliang Ding
,
Jingyuan Zhou
,
Wenhui Tang
,
Xianwen Ran
,
Cheng Ye
·
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561
In order to more realistically reflect the penetrating and crushing process of a PELE (Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency) projectile, the stochastic failure algorithm and crack-softening algorithm were added to the corresponding material in this paper. According to the theoretical analysis of the two algorithms, the material failure parameters (stochastic constant γ, fracture energy Gf, and tensile strength σT) were determined. Then, four sets of simulation conditions ((a) no crack softening, (b) no stochastic failure, (c) no crack softening and no stochastic failure, and (d) crack softening and stochastic failure) were designed to qualitatively describe the influences of the failure algorithms, which were simulated by the finite element analysis software AUTODYN. The qualitative comparison results indicate that the simulation results after adding the two algorithms were closer to the actual situation. Finally, ten groups of simulation conditions were designed to quantitatively analyze the coincidence degree between the simulation results and the experimental results by means of two parameters: the residual velocity of the projectile and the maximum radial velocity of fragments. The results show that the simulation results coincide well with the experimental results and the errors were small. Therefore, the ideas proposed in this paper are scientific, and the conclusions obtained can provide guidance for engineering research.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/9/1561/pdf?version=1535590829
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 11
- References
- 19
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2888912656
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2888912656Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Research on the Crushing Process of PELE Casing Material Based on the Crack-Softening Algorithm and Stochastic Failure AlgorithmWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2018Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2018-08-30Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Liangliang Ding, Jingyuan Zhou, Wenhui Tang, Xianwen Ran, Cheng YeList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/9/1561/pdf?version=1535590829Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/9/1561/pdf?version=1535590829Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Softening, Casing, Projectile, Algorithm, Structural engineering, Materials science, Residual, Ultimate tensile strength, Computer science, Engineering, Composite material, Mechanical engineering, MetallurgyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
11Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 1, 2023: 1, 2020: 4, 2019: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
19Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2888912656 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561 |
| ids.mag | 2888912656 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30200176 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2888912656 |
| fwci | 0.73414115 |
| type | article |
| title | Research on the Crushing Process of PELE Casing Material Based on the Crack-Softening Algorithm and Stochastic Failure Algorithm |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G4083675190 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 11002162 and 11072262 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| biblio.issue | 9 |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | 1561 |
| biblio.first_page | 1561 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11699 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10806 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9980000257492065 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2211 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Mechanics of Materials |
| topics[1].display_name | Energetic Materials and Combustion |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12699 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9851999878883362 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2300 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2300 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2781098093 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6723818778991699 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85787439 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Softening |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C30399818 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6390380859375 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048830 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Casing |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C49304495 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6073834896087646 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49393 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Projectile |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5810147523880005 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.45402437448501587 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Structural engineering |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4237109124660492 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C155512373 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.41764533519744873 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Residual |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C112950240 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.41533344984054565 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Ultimate tensile strength |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3023955225944519 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.29270488023757935 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C159985019 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.21784359216690063 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Composite material |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C78519656 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.2118593454360962 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C191897082 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.10569775104522705 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Metallurgy |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/softening |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6723818778991699 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Softening |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/casing |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6390380859375 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Casing |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/projectile |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6073834896087646 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Projectile |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5810147523880005 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[4].score | 0.45402437448501587 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Structural engineering |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4237109124660492 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/residual |
| keywords[6].score | 0.41764533519744873 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Residual |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength |
| keywords[7].score | 0.41533344984054565 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Ultimate tensile strength |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3023955225944519 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.29270488023757935 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material |
| keywords[10].score | 0.21784359216690063 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Composite material |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.2118593454360962 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy |
| keywords[12].score | 0.10569775104522705 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Metallurgy |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/ma11091561 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Materials |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/9/1561/pdf?version=1535590829 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Materials |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:30200176 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Materials (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30200176 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4dc24fb0c88494393e5085bc1b5ecff |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Materials, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 1561 (2018) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/a4dc24fb0c88494393e5085bc1b5ecff |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5130489 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6163447 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1996-1944/11/9/1561/ |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].license | cc-by |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Materials |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059914744 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-3016 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Liangliang Ding |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05d2yfz11 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | National University of Defense Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Liangliang Ding |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029724261 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-6018 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jingyuan Zhou |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05d2yfz11 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | National University of Defense Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jingyuan Zhou |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072610869 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-6536 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Wenhui Tang |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05d2yfz11 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | National University of Defense Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Wenhui Tang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003780067 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-087X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Xianwen Ran |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05d2yfz11 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | National University of Defense Technology |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Xianwen Ran |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101897562 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-3889 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Cheng Ye |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28813325 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Basic Sciences for Aviation, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28813325 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03je71k37 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28813325 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Civil Aviation University of China |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Ye Cheng |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Basic Sciences for Aviation, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264001, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/9/1561/pdf?version=1535590829 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Research on the Crushing Process of PELE Casing Material Based on the Crack-Softening Algorithm and Stochastic Failure Algorithm |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11699 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2345558179, https://openalex.org/W3146019719, https://openalex.org/W2770156639, https://openalex.org/W2363582280, https://openalex.org/W2351617165, https://openalex.org/W2068303904, https://openalex.org/W2363738620, https://openalex.org/W3134466133, https://openalex.org/W2366603889, https://openalex.org/W4385888329 |
| cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2018 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 5 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/ma11091561 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Materials |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/9/1561/pdf?version=1535590829 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Materials |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/ma11091561 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Materials |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/9/1561/pdf?version=1535590829 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Materials |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091561 |
| publication_date | 2018-08-30 |
| publication_year | 2018 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2032048764, https://openalex.org/W2377803676, https://openalex.org/W2350376532, https://openalex.org/W2372529729, https://openalex.org/W2111527593, https://openalex.org/W2381185922, https://openalex.org/W2344550183, https://openalex.org/W6632598126, https://openalex.org/W2365526854, https://openalex.org/W2034555517, https://openalex.org/W4254310740, https://openalex.org/W2247510495, https://openalex.org/W2040118519, https://openalex.org/W1994455216, https://openalex.org/W2084477331, https://openalex.org/W2091370106, https://openalex.org/W2088546515, https://openalex.org/W2032304418, https://openalex.org/W2094218414 |
| referenced_works_count | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 104, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 33, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 68, 72, 76, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 11, 41, 64, 97, 134, 155, 161, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 2, 29, 37, 92, 127, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(b) | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(c) | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(d) | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gf, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 111, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 8, 24, 55, 79, 83, 87, 149, 164, 184, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ten | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 6, 20, 30, 38, 42, 45, 95, 98, 105, 117, 122, 128, 142, 146, 150, 158, 162, 165, 175, 181, 185, 190, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 43, 123, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.γ, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.((a) | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PELE | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sets | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 116, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 34, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 27, 59, 90, 102, 125, 137, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 15, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.σT) | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Then, | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.added | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crack | 69, 77, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ideas | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.means | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actual | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adding | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closer | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.degree | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finite | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper. | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radial | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.small. | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lateral | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyze | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.element | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.failure | 22, 47, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflect | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 114, 119, 148, 152, 172, 177, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tensile | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AUTODYN. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Enhanced | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 40, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coincide | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constant | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crushing | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describe | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 91, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.failure) | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.failure, | 74, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fracture | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidance | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material | 32, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residual | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strength | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.velocity | 160, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.According | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 23, 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.softening | 78, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 66, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fragments. | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influences | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projectile | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 65, 118, 135, 147, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situation. | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.softening, | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stochastic | 21, 73, 81, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(stochastic | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Efficiency) | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms, | 44, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coincidence | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conclusions | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined. | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engineering | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters: | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.penetrating | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projectile, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.qualitative | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scientific, | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretical | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Penetration | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 151, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corresponding | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.qualitatively | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.realistically | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantitatively | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crack-softening | 25 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5072610869 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I170215575 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.46000000834465027 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.66090578 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |