Results from the CDX-U Lithium Wall and NSTX Lithium Pallet Injection and Evaporation Experiments Article Swipe
R. Majeski
,
H. Kugel
,
M.G. Bell
,
R. E. Bell
,
P. Beiersdörfer
,
C. E. Bush
,
R.P. Doerner
,
D. Gates
,
Timothy Gray
,
R. Kaita
,
B.P. LeBlanc
,
R. Maingi
,
D.K. Mansfield
,
J. Ménard
,
D. Mueller
,
Solomon F.D. Paul
,
R. Raman
,
A Roquemore
,
C.H. Skinner
,
S.A. Sabbagh
,
Souskhanovskii
,
J. Spaleta
,
T. N. Stevenson
,
J. Timberlake
,
L. Zakharov
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
CDX-U has been operated with the vacuum vessel wall and limiter surfaces nearly completely coated with lithium, producing dramatic improvements to plasma performance. Discharges achieved global energy confinement times up to 6 ms, exceeding previous CDX-U results by a factor of 5, and ITER98P(y,1) scaling by 2-3. Lithium wall coatings up to 1000 {angstrom} thick were applied between discharges by electron-beam-induced evaporation of a lithium-filled limiter and vapor deposition from a resistively heated oven. The e-beam power was modest (1.6 kW) but it produced up to 60 MW/m2 power density in a 0.3 cm{sup 2} spot; the duration was up to 300 s. Convective transport of heat away from the beam spot was so effective that the entire lithium inventory (140 g) was heated to evaporation (400-500 C) and there was no observable hot spot on the lithium surface within the beam footprint. These results are promising for use of lithium plasma-facing components in reactor scale devices. Lithium coating has also been applied to NSTX carbon plasma-facing surfaces, to control the density rise during long-duration H-modes for non-inductive current sustainment. First, lithium pellets were injected into sequences of Ohmically heated helium plasmas in both center stack limiter (CSL) and lower single-null divertor (LSND) configurations to deposit a total of 25-30 mg of lithium on the respective plasma contact areas. In both cases, the first subsequent L mode, deuterium discharge with NBI showed a reduction in the volume-average density by a factor {approx}3 compared to similar discharges before the lithium coating. Recently, a lithium evaporator was installed aimed toward the graphite tiles of the lower center stack and divertor. Twelve depositions, ranging from about 10 mg to 5 g of lithium, were performed. The effects on LSND L-mode, double-null divertor (DND) H-mode, and DND reversed-shear plasmas were variable but, immediately after coating, there were decreases in the density and significant increases in electron and ion temperature, neutron rate, confinement time, and edge flow velocity, and reductions in H-mode ELM frequency. For several days of operation after lithium coating, the ratio of oxygen to carbon emission was lower than with boronization.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- paratext
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/
- https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 10
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W53875778
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W53875778Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- Title
-
Results from the CDX-U Lithium Wall and NSTX Lithium Pallet Injection and Evaporation ExperimentsWork title
- Type
-
paratextOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-05-03Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
R. Majeski, H. Kugel, M.G. Bell, R. E. Bell, P. Beiersdörfer, C. E. Bush, R.P. Doerner, D. Gates, Timothy Gray, R. Kaita, B.P. LeBlanc, R. Maingi, D.K. Mansfield, J. Ménard, D. Mueller, Solomon F.D. Paul, R. Raman, A Roquemore, C.H. Skinner, S.A. Sabbagh, Souskhanovskii, J. Spaleta, T. N. Stevenson, J. Timberlake, L. ZakharovList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pallet, Lithium (medication), Evaporation, Materials science, Nuclear engineering, Environmental science, Physics, Engineering, Mechanical engineering, Thermodynamics, Internal medicine, MedicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
10Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W53875778 |
|---|---|
| doi | |
| ids.mag | 53875778 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W53875778 |
| fwci | |
| type | paratext |
| title | Results from the CDX-U Lithium Wall and NSTX Lithium Pallet Injection and Evaporation Experiments |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| topics[0].display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10592 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Fusion materials and technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11367 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9832000136375427 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Particle accelerators and beam dynamics |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C51413319 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8065532445907593 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505996 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pallet |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2778541603 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7838143110275269 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Lithium (medication) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C61441594 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6725446581840515 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Evaporation |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.45344430208206177 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C116915560 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3969988226890564 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Nuclear engineering |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.3266963064670563 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.21158239245414734 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.12625691294670105 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C78519656 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.11025792360305786 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C97355855 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.08164599537849426 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.06634926795959473 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.06150105595588684 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pallet |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8065532445907593 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pallet |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7838143110275269 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Lithium (medication) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6725446581840515 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Evaporation |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.45344430208206177 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3969988226890564 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Nuclear engineering |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[5].score | 0.3266963064670563 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.21158239245414734 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.12625691294670105 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering |
| keywords[8].score | 0.11025792360305786 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.08164599537849426 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Thermodynamics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[10].score | 0.06634926795959473 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[11].score | 0.06150105595588684 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc890599 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/ |
| locations[0].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | Article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | False |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Presented at: 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Chengdu, China, Oct 16 - Oct 21, 2006 |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/ |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:897942 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/897942 |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/897942 |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022400747 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9437-0958 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | R. Majeski |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | R Majeski |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047412319 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | H. Kugel |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | H Kugel |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111555965 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | M.G. Bell |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | M Bell |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039456936 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-498X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | R. E. Bell |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | R Bell |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057480553 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-599X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | P. Beiersdörfer |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | P Beiersdorfer |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112934579 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | C. E. Bush |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | C Bush |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022075098 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | R.P. Doerner |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | R Doerner |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048644932 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-3124 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | D. Gates |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | D Gates |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052004430 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0827-1318 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Timothy Gray |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | T Gray |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5050550848 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8515-9824 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | R. Kaita |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | R Kaita |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077145121 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-0129 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | B.P. LeBlanc |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | B LeBlanc |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5045577349 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1238-8121 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | R. Maingi |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | R Maingi |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014865394 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | D.K. Mansfield |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | D Mansfield |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5044700658 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-3286 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | J. Ménard |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | J Menard |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5108609342 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | D. Mueller |
| authorships[14].author_position | middle |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | D Mueller |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[15].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059154873 |
| authorships[15].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0829-7780 |
| authorships[15].author.display_name | Solomon F.D. Paul |
| authorships[15].author_position | middle |
| authorships[15].raw_author_name | S Paul |
| authorships[15].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[16].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025852561 |
| authorships[16].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-3271 |
| authorships[16].author.display_name | R. Raman |
| authorships[16].author_position | middle |
| authorships[16].raw_author_name | R Raman |
| authorships[16].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[17].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039194869 |
| authorships[17].author.orcid | |
| authorships[17].author.display_name | A Roquemore |
| authorships[17].author_position | middle |
| authorships[17].raw_author_name | A Roquemore |
| authorships[17].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[18].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025436098 |
| authorships[18].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-2893 |
| authorships[18].author.display_name | C.H. Skinner |
| authorships[18].author_position | middle |
| authorships[18].raw_author_name | C Skinner |
| authorships[18].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[19].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5044753981 |
| authorships[19].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-8118 |
| authorships[19].author.display_name | S.A. Sabbagh |
| authorships[19].author_position | middle |
| authorships[19].raw_author_name | S Sabbagh |
| authorships[19].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[20].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5031869162 |
| authorships[20].author.orcid | |
| authorships[20].author.display_name | Souskhanovskii |
| authorships[20].author_position | middle |
| authorships[20].raw_author_name | Souskhanovskii |
| authorships[20].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[21].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5020584568 |
| authorships[21].author.orcid | |
| authorships[21].author.display_name | J. Spaleta |
| authorships[21].author_position | middle |
| authorships[21].raw_author_name | J Spaleta |
| authorships[21].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[22].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086531920 |
| authorships[22].author.orcid | |
| authorships[22].author.display_name | T. N. Stevenson |
| authorships[22].author_position | middle |
| authorships[22].raw_author_name | T Stevenson |
| authorships[22].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[23].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5075267863 |
| authorships[23].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-6250 |
| authorships[23].author.display_name | J. Timberlake |
| authorships[23].author_position | middle |
| authorships[23].raw_author_name | J Timberlake |
| authorships[23].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[24].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071137271 |
| authorships[24].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-9144 |
| authorships[24].author.display_name | L. Zakharov |
| authorships[24].author_position | last |
| authorships[24].raw_author_name | L Zakharov |
| authorships[24].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/ |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Results from the CDX-U Lithium Wall and NSTX Lithium Pallet Injection and Evaporation Experiments |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10346 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3106 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Nuclear and High Energy Physics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Magnetic confinement fusion research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2899084033, https://openalex.org/W2605096269, https://openalex.org/W2883119703, https://openalex.org/W2153788750, https://openalex.org/W2046688580, https://openalex.org/W2019398789, https://openalex.org/W2605009630, https://openalex.org/W2347380515, https://openalex.org/W2057126100, https://openalex.org/W1992539047 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc890599 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/ |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | Article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Presented at: 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Chengdu, China, Oct 16 - Oct 21, 2006 |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/ |
| primary_location.id | pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc890599 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/ |
| primary_location.version | submittedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | Article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | False |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Presented at: 21st IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Chengdu, China, Oct 16 - Oct 21, 2006 |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc890599/ |
| publication_date | 2021-05-03 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2002365043, https://openalex.org/W2014600691, https://openalex.org/W1989066698, https://openalex.org/W2244545085, https://openalex.org/W2145298302, https://openalex.org/W1975855015, https://openalex.org/W2058559438, https://openalex.org/W2154391323, https://openalex.org/W2056935599, https://openalex.org/W2086249776 |
| referenced_works_count | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5 | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6 | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.L | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 38, 63, 70, 91, 206, 232, 239, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.g | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10 | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2} | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60 | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.C) | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 37, 45, 59, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.g) | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 90, 153, 192, 234, 304, 310, 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mg | 210, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 40, 62, 105, 149, 187, 208, 211, 261, 278, 332, 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 135, 213, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s. | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 20, 30, 51, 85, 100, 124, 163, 168, 204, 243, 275, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 29, 50, 84, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.3 | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.300 | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DND | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ELM | 327 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 329 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NBI | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 74, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 9, 42, 66, 128, 198, 266, 291, 307, 312, 319, 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 147, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 1, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hot | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ion | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kW) | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ms, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 5, 96, 109, 116, 136, 140, 170, 214, 222, 235, 247, 258, 262, 305, 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 77, 98, 112, 122, 130, 254, 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1.6 | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(140 | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1000 | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2-3. | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LSND | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NSTX | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.away | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beam | 110, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 2, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 193, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but, | 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.days | 331 |
| abstract_inverted_index.edge | 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flow | 321 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 69, 108, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heat | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rise | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spot | 111, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 346 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wall | 8, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 55, 183, 280, 295, 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 4, 15, 229, 347 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CSL) | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DND) | 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.25-30 | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CDX-U | 0, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MW/m2 | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 299, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 199, 263, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode, | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oven. | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 76, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate, | 316 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spot; | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stack | 195, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 129, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thick | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tiles | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 318 |
| abstract_inverted_index.times | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vapor | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LSND) | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.First, | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.H-mode | 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Twelve | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.areas. | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carbon | 165, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases, | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.center | 194, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cm{sup | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coated | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.e-beam | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entire | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 39, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heated | 72, 123, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.helium | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modest | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nearly | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxygen | 340 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plasma | 21, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toward | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vacuum | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vessel | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.H-mode, | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.H-modes | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.L-mode, | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Lithium | 47, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applied | 56, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coating | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contact | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density | 89, 171, 237, 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deposit | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limiter | 10, 65, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lithium | 118, 137, 150, 181, 212, 248, 252, 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neutron | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pellets | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plasmas | 191, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranging | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactor | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 36, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scaling | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(400-500 | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coating, | 300, 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coating. | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coatings | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.devices. | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divertor | 201, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dramatic | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duration | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emission | 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.graphite | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injected | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lithium, | 16, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operated | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previous | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produced | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfaces | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ohmically | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Recently, | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreases | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deuterium | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discharge | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divertor. | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exceeding | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.installed | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inventory | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operation | 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.producing | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequences | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surfaces, | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transport | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.velocity, | 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.{approx}3 | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Convective | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Discharges | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.completely | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deposition | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discharges | 58, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaporator | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.footprint. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency. | 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observable | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed. | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reductions | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respective | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsequent | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.{angstrom} | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confinement | 27, 317 |
| abstract_inverted_index.double-null | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaporation | 61, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immediately | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistively | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single-null | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ITER98P(y,1) | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depositions, | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvements | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainment. | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temperature, | 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boronization. | 348 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-duration | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-inductive | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plasma-facing | 151, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configurations | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lithium-filled | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reversed-shear | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volume-average | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron-beam-induced | 60 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 25 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.44999998807907104 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile |