Resveratrol and Pterostilbene Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Air–Liquid Interface Cultured Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells Article Swipe
Bram M. ter Ellen
,
Nilima Dinesh Kumar
,
Ellen M. Bouma
,
Berit Troost
,
Denise P.I. van de Pol
,
Heidi H. van der Ende-Metselaar
,
Leonie Apperloo
,
Djoke van Gosliga
,
Maarten van den Berge
,
Martijn C. Nawijn
,
Peter H. J. van der Voort
,
Jill Moser
,
Izabela A. Rodenhuis‐Zybert
,
Jolanda M. Smit
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has an enormous impact on human health and economy. In search for therapeutic options, researchers have proposed resveratrol, a food supplement with known antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties as an advantageous antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we provide evidence that both resveratrol and its metabolically more stable structural analog, pterostilbene, exhibit potent antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. First, we show that resveratrol and pterostilbene antiviral activity in African green monkey kidney cells. Both compounds actively inhibit virus replication within infected cells as reduced virus progeny production was observed when the compound was added at post-inoculation conditions. Without replenishment of the compound, antiviral activity was observed up to roughly five rounds of replication, demonstrating the long-lasting effect of these compounds. Second, as the upper respiratory tract represents the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, we also assessed antiviral activity in air–liquid interface (ALI) cultured human primary bronchial epithelial cells, isolated from healthy volunteers. Resveratrol and pterostilbene showed a strong antiviral effect in these cells up to 48 h post-infection. Collectively, our data indicate that resveratrol and pterostilbene are promising antiviral compounds to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Because these results represent laboratory findings in cells, we advocate evaluation of these compounds in clinical trials before statements are made whether these drugs are advantageous for COVID-19 treatment.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335
- https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1335/pdf?version=1626320209
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 79
- References
- 50
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3180794092
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3180794092Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Resveratrol and Pterostilbene Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Air–Liquid Interface Cultured Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial CellsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-07-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Bram M. ter Ellen, Nilima Dinesh Kumar, Ellen M. Bouma, Berit Troost, Denise P.I. van de Pol, Heidi H. van der Ende-Metselaar, Leonie Apperloo, Djoke van Gosliga, Maarten van den Berge, Martijn C. Nawijn, Peter H. J. van der Voort, Jill Moser, Izabela A. Rodenhuis‐Zybert, Jolanda M. SmitList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1335/pdf?version=1626320209Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1335/pdf?version=1626320209Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Pterostilbene, Resveratrol, Virus, Virology, In vitro, Viral replication, Biology, Respiratory tract, Pharmacology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Respiratory system, Immunology, Biochemistry, AnatomyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
79Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 12, 2024: 17, 2023: 21, 2022: 18, 2021: 11Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
50Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3180794092 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335 |
| ids.mag | 3180794092 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372541 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3180794092 |
| fwci | 4.90062797 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D000998 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Antiviral Agents |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D001980 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Bronchi |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D002460 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Cell Line |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D002478 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Cells, Cultured |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D002522 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Chlorocebus aethiops |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D004847 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Epithelial Cells |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D000077185 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Resveratrol |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D000086402 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | SARS-CoV-2 |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000502 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D000086402 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | physiology |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | SARS-CoV-2 |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D013267 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Stilbenes |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D014709 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Vero Cells |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D014779 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Virus Replication |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D000093485 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | COVID-19 Drug Treatment |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D000998 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Antiviral Agents |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D001980 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Bronchi |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D002460 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Cell Line |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D002478 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | Cells, Cultured |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D002522 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Chlorocebus aethiops |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | Q000821 |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D004847 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | virology |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Epithelial Cells |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[30].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[30].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[30].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[30].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[31].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[31].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[31].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[31].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[31].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[32].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[32].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[32].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[33].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[33].descriptor_ui | D000077185 |
| mesh[33].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[33].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[33].descriptor_name | Resveratrol |
| mesh[34].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[34].descriptor_ui | D000086402 |
| mesh[34].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[34].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[34].descriptor_name | SARS-CoV-2 |
| mesh[35].qualifier_ui | Q000502 |
| mesh[35].descriptor_ui | D000086402 |
| mesh[35].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[35].qualifier_name | physiology |
| mesh[35].descriptor_name | SARS-CoV-2 |
| mesh[36].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[36].descriptor_ui | D013267 |
| mesh[36].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[36].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[36].descriptor_name | Stilbenes |
| mesh[37].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[37].descriptor_ui | D014709 |
| mesh[37].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[37].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[37].descriptor_name | Vero Cells |
| mesh[38].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[38].descriptor_ui | D014779 |
| mesh[38].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[38].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[38].descriptor_name | Virus Replication |
| mesh[39].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[39].descriptor_ui | D000093485 |
| mesh[39].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[39].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[39].descriptor_name | COVID-19 Drug Treatment |
| type | article |
| title | Resveratrol and Pterostilbene Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Air–Liquid Interface Cultured Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G4410014953 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321007 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 10430012010006 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | ZonMw |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G4575353482 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320338337 |
| awards[1].display_name | Protecting patients with enhanced susceptibility to infections |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 713660 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions |
| biblio.issue | 7 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 1335 |
| biblio.first_page | 1335 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9961000084877014 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[0].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11051 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.992900013923645 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2717 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Geriatrics and Gerontology |
| topics[1].display_name | Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10041 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9922000169754028 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[2].display_name | COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321007 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yaj9a77 |
| funders[0].display_name | ZonMw |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320338337 |
| funders[1].ror | |
| funders[1].display_name | H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2600 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2815 |
| apc_paid.value | 2600 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2815 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2781196776 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9792797565460205 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2908011 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Pterostilbene |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2776816829 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.9378124475479126 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407329 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Resveratrol |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2522874641 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5338785648345947 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Virus |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5234824419021606 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C202751555 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4879004657268524 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681 |
| concepts[4].display_name | In vitro |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C140704245 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4809828996658325 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Viral replication |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4379371404647827 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2779644171 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4270240366458893 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13400765 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Respiratory tract |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C98274493 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4110153019428253 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Pharmacology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C89423630 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.39587703347206116 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Microbiology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.34123945236206055 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C534529494 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.3379053771495819 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Respiratory system |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.32462942600250244 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.15060898661613464 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C105702510 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Anatomy |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pterostilbene |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9792797565460205 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Pterostilbene |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/resveratrol |
| keywords[1].score | 0.9378124475479126 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Resveratrol |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virus |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5338785648345947 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Virus |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5234824419021606 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4879004657268524 |
| keywords[4].display_name | In vitro |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4809828996658325 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Viral replication |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4379371404647827 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4270240366458893 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Respiratory tract |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4110153019428253 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Pharmacology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.39587703347206116 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Microbiology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[10].score | 0.34123945236206055 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system |
| keywords[11].score | 0.3379053771495819 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Respiratory system |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[12].score | 0.32462942600250244 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry |
| keywords[13].score | 0.15060898661613464 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Biochemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/v13071335 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S55776271 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1999-4915 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1999-4915 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Viruses |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1335/pdf?version=1626320209 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Viruses |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:34372541 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Viruses |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372541 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/332db112-8cd6-4eff-8980-15ed88ca7afc |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401843 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1322597698 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322597698 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/332db112-8cd6-4eff-8980-15ed88ca7afc |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Viruses, 13(7):1335, 1 - 17. MDPI AG |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/332db112-8cd6-4eff-8980-15ed88ca7afc |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16c9bf2d5c77475aa3281a9cc2e0e074 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1335 (2021) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/16c9bf2d5c77475aa3281a9cc2e0e074 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1999-4915/13/7/1335/ |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].license | cc-by |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Viruses; Volume 13; Issue 7; Pages: 1335 |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071335 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8309965 |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].license | other-oa |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | Text |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | Viruses |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8309965 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086273806 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Bram M. ter Ellen |
| authorships[0].countries | NL |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Bram M. ter Ellen |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5061433578 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-0303 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Nilima Dinesh Kumar |
| authorships[1].countries | NL |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Nilima Dinesh Kumar |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052528182 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Ellen M. Bouma |
| authorships[2].countries | NL |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Ellen M. Bouma |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003819237 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Berit Troost |
| authorships[3].countries | NL |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Berit Troost |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025516743 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Denise P.I. van de Pol |
| authorships[4].countries | NL |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Denise P.I. van de Pol |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5076009373 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Heidi H. van der Ende-Metselaar |
| authorships[5].countries | NL |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Heidi H. van der Ende-Metselaar |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046129698 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Leonie Apperloo |
| authorships[6].countries | NL |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Leonie Apperloo |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077319981 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Djoke van Gosliga |
| authorships[7].countries | NL |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Djoke van Gosliga |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000474513 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-7340 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Maarten van den Berge |
| authorships[8].countries | NL |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Maarten van den Berge |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024463990 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3372-6521 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Martijn C. Nawijn |
| authorships[9].countries | NL |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Martijn C. Nawijn |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5031625832 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-2843 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Peter H. J. van der Voort |
| authorships[10].countries | NL |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Peter H.J. van der Voort |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5074349116 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-2577 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Jill Moser |
| authorships[11].countries | NL |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[11].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Jill Moser |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068539399 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7820-8624 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Izabela A. Rodenhuis‐Zybert |
| authorships[12].countries | NL |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[12].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Izabela A. Rodenhuis-Zybert |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046661576 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-1448 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Jolanda M. Smit |
| authorships[13].countries | NL |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cv38k47 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1334415907 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code | NL |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name | University Medical Center Groningen |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/012p63287 |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].country_code | NL |
| authorships[13].institutions[1].display_name | University of Groningen |
| authorships[13].author_position | last |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Jolanda M. Smit |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1335/pdf?version=1626320209 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2021-07-19T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Resveratrol and Pterostilbene Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Air–Liquid Interface Cultured Human Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9961000084877014 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| primary_topic.display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2768917545, https://openalex.org/W2784121359, https://openalex.org/W1564159026, https://openalex.org/W2411816213, https://openalex.org/W2023411987, https://openalex.org/W131127672, https://openalex.org/W2566231148, https://openalex.org/W3003636794, https://openalex.org/W1903501721, https://openalex.org/W2082114165 |
| cited_by_count | 79 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 12 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 17 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 21 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 18 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 11 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/v13071335 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S55776271 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1999-4915 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1999-4915 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Viruses |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1335/pdf?version=1626320209 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Viruses |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/v13071335 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S55776271 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1999-4915 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1999-4915 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Viruses |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/7/1335/pdf?version=1626320209 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Viruses |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071335 |
| publication_date | 2021-07-10 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3018517500, https://openalex.org/W2070463916, https://openalex.org/W3047113304, https://openalex.org/W2784121359, https://openalex.org/W2523540316, https://openalex.org/W2717798813, https://openalex.org/W2171580171, https://openalex.org/W1987239623, https://openalex.org/W2588967599, https://openalex.org/W3110248459, https://openalex.org/W3131475711, https://openalex.org/W3036590489, https://openalex.org/W2771823836, https://openalex.org/W3016518284, https://openalex.org/W3025986507, https://openalex.org/W3067168679, https://openalex.org/W2950891712, https://openalex.org/W2132448663, https://openalex.org/W2050328934, https://openalex.org/W3036391214, https://openalex.org/W3015734270, https://openalex.org/W3016829967, https://openalex.org/W3015571324, https://openalex.org/W2344195329, https://openalex.org/W3023034539, https://openalex.org/W2528610728, https://openalex.org/W2120011907, https://openalex.org/W2160310902, https://openalex.org/W1964846721, https://openalex.org/W2028106143, https://openalex.org/W3009859788, https://openalex.org/W193872140, https://openalex.org/W1981545843, https://openalex.org/W1483386514, https://openalex.org/W1643846079, https://openalex.org/W2756462278, https://openalex.org/W2590119696, https://openalex.org/W2016856129, https://openalex.org/W2592751924, https://openalex.org/W2152036317, https://openalex.org/W2043880395, https://openalex.org/W2136830554, https://openalex.org/W2155590575, https://openalex.org/W2289289129, https://openalex.org/W2980466108, https://openalex.org/W2790443375, https://openalex.org/W3045372185, https://openalex.org/W3101899895, https://openalex.org/W3094130692, https://openalex.org/W3137917350 |
| referenced_works_count | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 33, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.48 | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 16, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 43, 98, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 72, 83, 154, 176, 206, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 115, 127, 133, 146, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 123, 180, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 122, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 52, 75, 149, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 14, 22, 40, 58, 79, 169, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 192, 219, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 26, 48, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 106, 116, 130, 138, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 103, 108, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Both | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.food | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.made | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 55, 77, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ALI) | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acute | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.added | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 97, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drugs | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.green | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 20, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.known | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 134, 177, 201, 212, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tract | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upper | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 93, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.First, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caused | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells, | 163, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 132, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.kidney | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monkey | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potent | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rounds | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.search | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stable | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vitro. | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.African | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Because | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Second, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Without | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analog, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibit | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthy | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhibit | 92, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initial | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progeny | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roughly | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapy | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.COVID-19 | 2, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actively | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 82, 119, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advocate | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compound | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultured | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economy. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enormous | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infected | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isolated | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 104, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.options, | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pandemic | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.syndrome | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antiviral | 46, 68, 81, 118, 152, 174, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bronchial | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compound, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds | 90, 195, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interface | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represent | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 49, 71, 147, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antiviral, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds. | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epithelial | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 50, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laboratory | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 42, 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represents | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statements | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supplement | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment. | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Resveratrol | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antioxidant | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions. | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coronavirus | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replication | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.researchers | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respiratory | 9, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resveratrol | 57, 78, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapeutic | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volunteers. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SARS-CoV-2) | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantageous | 45, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air–liquid | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-lasting | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replication, | 128, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resveratrol, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Collectively, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrating | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metabolically | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pterostilbene | 80, 170, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replenishment | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pterostilbene, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-infection. | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.post-inoculation | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anti-inflammatory, | 39 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5046661576 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 14 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1334415907, https://openalex.org/I169381384 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7900000214576721 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95854063 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |