Risk of Incident Cancer in Veterans with Diabetes Who Use Metformin Versus Sulfonylureas Article Swipe
Maya Abdallah
,
Beatriz Desanti de Oliveira
,
Clark DuMontier
,
Ariela R. Orkaby
,
Lisa Nussbaum
,
J. Michael Gaziano
,
Luc Djoussé
,
David Gagnon
,
Kelly Cho
,
Sarah R. Preis
,
Jane A. Driver
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012
Prior research suggests metformin has anti-cancer effects, yet data are limited. We examined the association between diabetes treatment (metformin versus sulfonylurea) and risk of incident diabetes-related and non- diabetes-related cancers in US veterans. This retrospective cohort study included US veterans, without cancer, aged ≥ 55 years, who were new users of metformin or sulfonylureas for diabetes between 2001 to 2012. Cox proportional hazards models, with propensity score-matched inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were constructed. A total of 88,713 veterans (mean age 68.6 ± 7.8 years; 97.7% male; 84.1% White, 12.6% Black, 3.3% other race) were followed for 4.2 ± 3.0 years. Among metformin users (n = 60,476), there were 858 incident diabetes-related cancers (crude incidence rate [IR; per 1,000 person-years] = 3.4) and 3,533 non-diabetes-related cancers (IR = 14.1). Among sulfonylurea users (n = 28,237), there were 675 incident diabetes-related cancers (IR = 5.5) and 2,316 non-diabetes-related cancers (IR = 18.9). After IPTW adjustment, metformin use was associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes-related cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66, 95% CI 0.58-0.75) compared to sulfonylurea use. There was no association between treatment group (metformin versus sulfonylurea) and non-diabetes-related cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.89-1.02). Of diabetes-related cancers, metformin users had lower incidence of liver (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.28-0.53), colorectal (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.62-0.92), and esophageal cancers (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.36-0.81). Among US veterans, metformin users had lower incidence of diabetes-related cancer, particularly liver, colorectal, and esophageal cancers, as compared to sulfonylurea users. Use of metformin was not associated with non-diabetes-related cancer. Further studies are needed to understand how metformin use impacts cancer incidence in different patient populations.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012
- https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.15430/JCP.24.012
- OA Status
- diamond
- References
- 39
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4406083587
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4406083587Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Risk of Incident Cancer in Veterans with Diabetes Who Use Metformin Versus SulfonylureasWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-12-30Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Maya Abdallah, Beatriz Desanti de Oliveira, Clark DuMontier, Ariela R. Orkaby, Lisa Nussbaum, J. Michael Gaziano, Luc Djoussé, David Gagnon, Kelly Cho, Sarah R. Preis, Jane A. DriverList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.15430/JCP.24.012Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.15430/JCP.24.012Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Metformin, Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Cancer, Oncology, Endocrinology, GynecologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
39Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4406083587 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39790228 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4406083587 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Risk of Incident Cancer in Veterans with Diabetes Who Use Metformin Versus Sulfonylureas |
| biblio.issue | 4 |
| biblio.volume | 29 |
| biblio.last_page | 147 |
| biblio.first_page | 140 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11339 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].display_name | Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10401 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2712 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism |
| topics[1].display_name | Diabetes Treatment and Management |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11623 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.998199999332428 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2712 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism |
| topics[2].display_name | Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780323712 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9066512584686279 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Metformin |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6697707772254944 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C555293320 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5397310256958008 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Diabetes mellitus |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4399252235889435 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C121608353 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4222659170627594 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Cancer |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C143998085 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.383171021938324 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Oncology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C134018914 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.3520171046257019 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Endocrinology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C29456083 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.32699906826019287 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Gynecology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9066512584686279 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Metformin |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6697707772254944 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5397310256958008 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Diabetes mellitus |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4399252235889435 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4222659170627594 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Cancer |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.383171021938324 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Oncology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.3520171046257019 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Endocrinology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gynecology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.32699906826019287 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Gynecology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2765040313 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2288-3649, 2288-3657 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2288-3649 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Cancer Prevention |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.15430/JCP.24.012 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Cancer Prevention |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:39790228 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Journal of cancer prevention |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39790228 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11706726 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | J Cancer Prev |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11706726 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082342764 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1549-6419 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Maya Abdallah |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05qwgg493 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Boston University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Maya M. Abdallah |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5013311609 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-0115 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Beatriz Desanti de Oliveira |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I78577930 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I78577930 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hj8s172 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I78577930 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Columbia University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Beatriz Desanti de Oliveira |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5020780414 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-7816 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Clark DuMontier |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210110523 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | New England Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1283280774 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04b6nzv94 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I48633490 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Brigham and Women's Hospital |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210110523 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01nh3sx96 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I4210110523, https://openalex.org/I4210133905, https://openalex.org/I4210147340 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/03vek6s52 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].display_name | Harvard University |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Clark DuMontier |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA, New England Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060354450 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-6306 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Ariela R. Orkaby |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210110523 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | New England Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1283280774 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04b6nzv94 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I48633490 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Brigham and Women's Hospital |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210110523 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01nh3sx96 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I4210110523, https://openalex.org/I4210133905, https://openalex.org/I4210147340 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/03vek6s52 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].display_name | Harvard University |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Ariela R. Orkaby |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA, New England Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000489075 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6146-1538 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Lisa Nussbaum |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Lisa Nussbaum |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012460833 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5384-9767 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | J. Michael Gaziano |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1283280774 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04b6nzv94 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I48633490 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Brigham and Women's Hospital |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03vek6s52 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Harvard University |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Michael Gaziano |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035565535 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-3047 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Luc Djoussé |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1283280774 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04b6nzv94 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I48633490 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Brigham and Women's Hospital |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03vek6s52 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Harvard University |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Luc Djousse |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032470748 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6367-3179 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | David Gagnon |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05qwgg493 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Boston University |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | David Gagnon |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048579153 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1727-7076 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Kelly Cho |
| authorships[8].countries | US |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1283280774 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04b6nzv94 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I48633490 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Brigham and Women's Hospital |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03vek6s52 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name | Harvard University |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[2].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Kelly Cho |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5044662521 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9360-4166 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Sarah R. Preis |
| authorships[9].countries | US |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05qwgg493 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111088046 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Boston University |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Sarah R. Preis |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040429399 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-4607 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Jane A. Driver |
| authorships[10].countries | US |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210110523 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | New England Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[10].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[10].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1283280774 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04b6nzv94 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1283280774, https://openalex.org/I48633490 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | Brigham and Women's Hospital |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210110523 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01nh3sx96 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I4210110523, https://openalex.org/I4210133905, https://openalex.org/I4210147340 |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[1].display_name | Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/03vek6s52 |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I136199984 |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[2].display_name | Harvard University |
| authorships[10].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I2801671727 |
| authorships[10].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/04v00sg98 |
| authorships[10].institutions[3].type | healthcare |
| authorships[10].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1322918889, https://openalex.org/I2799886695, https://openalex.org/I2801671727, https://openalex.org/I4210095851 |
| authorships[10].institutions[3].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[3].display_name | VA Boston Healthcare System |
| authorships[10].author_position | last |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Jane A. Driver |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA, New England Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.15430/JCP.24.012 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Risk of Incident Cancer in Veterans with Diabetes Who Use Metformin Versus Sulfonylureas |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11339 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2520648843, https://openalex.org/W1920632900, https://openalex.org/W2105403615, https://openalex.org/W2904715359, https://openalex.org/W2350706782, https://openalex.org/W4380836775, https://openalex.org/W2529083239, https://openalex.org/W3144179538, https://openalex.org/W4312131330, https://openalex.org/W2589618002 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2765040313 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2288-3649, 2288-3657 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2288-3649 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Cancer Prevention |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.15430/JCP.24.012 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Cancer Prevention |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2765040313 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2288-3649, 2288-3657 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2288-3649 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Cancer Prevention |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.jcpjournal.org/journal/download_pdf.php?doi=10.15430/JCP.24.012 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Cancer Prevention |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.15430/jcp.24.012 |
| publication_date | 2024-12-30 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2143756124, https://openalex.org/W6647369870, https://openalex.org/W2989784201, https://openalex.org/W3022678840, https://openalex.org/W6670211593, https://openalex.org/W2791573858, https://openalex.org/W2121225884, https://openalex.org/W2110951544, https://openalex.org/W2059201072, https://openalex.org/W2060038926, https://openalex.org/W4285387649, https://openalex.org/W2758449384, https://openalex.org/W2146985458, https://openalex.org/W2040113464, https://openalex.org/W2097704905, https://openalex.org/W2158731007, https://openalex.org/W1841486778, https://openalex.org/W2150291618, https://openalex.org/W2110160985, https://openalex.org/W2117275311, https://openalex.org/W4367059919, https://openalex.org/W4253996779, https://openalex.org/W2023984564, https://openalex.org/W2146901298, https://openalex.org/W1988782755, https://openalex.org/W2894993577, https://openalex.org/W4392656136, https://openalex.org/W2104195235, https://openalex.org/W3084040947, https://openalex.org/W2034806082, https://openalex.org/W4321599044, https://openalex.org/W4321508365, https://openalex.org/W2171100237, https://openalex.org/W2080100938, https://openalex.org/W2005327657, https://openalex.org/W2111876001, https://openalex.org/W2164595809, https://openalex.org/W2121690051, https://openalex.org/W2040608814 |
| referenced_works_count | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 106, 121, 128, 134, 143, 150, 170, 193, 209, 216, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(n | 105, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.55 | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CI | 173, 196, 212, 219, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Of | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.US | 31, 38, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 30, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 23, 50, 69, 77, 163, 206, 238, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 58, 176, 249, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.± | 83, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HR | 192, 208, 215, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IR | 127, 142, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.0 | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.2 | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.675 | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7.8 | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.858 | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.95% | 172, 195, 211, 218, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cox | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Use | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.age | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 21, 26, 123, 145, 189, 221, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 9, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 54, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 203, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.per | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 156, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 157, 180, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yet | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≥ | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2001 | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.3% | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3.4) | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5.5) | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.68.6 | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IPTW | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[HR] | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.[IR; | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aged | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non- | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 22, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 47, 73, 95, 109, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 64, 159, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mean | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.39, | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.54, | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.66, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.75, | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.96, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1,000 | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.12.6% | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2,316 | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2012. | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3,533 | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.84.1% | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.97.7% | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.After | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Among | 102, 130, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Prior | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.There | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.liver | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 161, 204, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.male; | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.race) | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 108, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users | 49, 104, 132, 202, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IPTW) | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(crude | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14.1). | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.18.9). | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.88,713 | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Black, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.White, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer | 166, 191, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cohort | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.liver, | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users. | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versus | 19, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years, | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years. | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years; | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(hazard | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Further | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 15, 56, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer, | 41, 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer. | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancers | 29, 113, 126, 141, 148, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hazards | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacts | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inverse | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.28,237), | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.60,476), | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancers, | 200, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 175, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diabetes | 16, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects, | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examined | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incident | 24, 111, 139, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited. | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.veterans | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incidence | 115, 205, 237, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metformin | 3, 51, 103, 155, 201, 233, 254, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 17, 70, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.veterans, | 39, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.veterans. | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weighting | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(metformin | 18, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.58-0.75) | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 158, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colorectal | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.esophageal | 222, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propensity | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understand | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.28-0.53), | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.36-0.81). | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.62-0.92), | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.89-1.02). | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjustment, | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anti-cancer | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.association | 14, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colorectal, | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probability | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constructed. | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populations. | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proportional | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfonylurea | 131, 177, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.person-years] | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.retrospective | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.score-matched | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfonylurea) | 20, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfonylureas | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diabetes-related | 25, 28, 112, 140, 165, 199, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-diabetes-related | 125, 147, 190, 259 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 11 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.800000011920929 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.26726005 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |