Root Foraging by Trees and Shrubs Article Swipe
Francis E. Putz
,
Charles D. Canham
,
Scott V. Ollinger
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0389.v1
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0389.v1
Unlike trees, shrubs (i.e., multiple-stemmed woody plants) do not need evenly spaced large diameter structural roots and thus can spread further per unit belowground biomass. We therefore hypothesized that compared to trees, shrubs respond more to asymmetric distributions of nutrients and reach nutrient-rich patches of soil faster and with less below-ground biomass. To test these hypotheses we planted individual seedlings of shrubs (Cornus racemosa, Rhus glabra, and Viburnum dentatum) and trees (Acer rubrum, Betula populifera, and Fraxinus americana) in the centers of sand-filled rectangular boxes. In one direction we created stepwise gradients of increasing soil nutrients with slow-release fertilizer; in the other direction no fertilizer was added. Seedlings were harvested when their first root reached the plexiglass-covered fertilized end of their box; time taken as well as above- and below-ground biomass by nutrient segment were determined. There were no consistent differences between the shrubs and trees in belowground architectural plasticity (= ratio of biomass in fertilized and unfertilized volumes of soil) or in the rate and efficiency of lateral growth. Interspecific variation appeared more related to edaphic characteristics of the native habitats than to growth form. The fastest and most efficient roots were produced by the shrub (R. glabra) and the tree (B. populifolia) that are characteristic of poor soils. Root foraging by R. glabra was also facilitated by rapid rhizomatous expansion. The tested shrubs and trees did not consistently differ in nutrient foraging efficiencies or rates but further study is warranted with larger plants and more species.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0389.v1
- https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202308.0389/v1/download
- OA Status
- green
- References
- 11
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4385613451
All OpenAlex metadata
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https://openalex.org/W4385613451Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0389.v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Root Foraging by Trees and ShrubsWork title
- Type
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preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2023Year of publication
- Publication date
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2023-08-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Francis E. Putz, Charles D. Canham, Scott V. OllingerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0389.v1Publisher landing page
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https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202308.0389/v1/downloadDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202308.0389/v1/downloadDirect OA link when available
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Biomass (ecology), Nutrient, Shrub, Biology, Interspecific competition, Agronomy, Edaphic, Botany, Woody plant, Biomass partitioning, Soil water, EcologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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11Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.glabra | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.larger | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.native | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plants | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shrubs | 2, 32, 61, 143, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soils. | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spaced | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spread | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tested | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trees, | 1, 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Cornus | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomass | 130, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.centers | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.created | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.edaphic | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fastest | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 20, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.glabra) | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.glabra, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growth. | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lateral | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patches | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planted | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plants) | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reached | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respond | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rubrum, | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.segment | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volumes | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fraxinus | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Viburnum | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appeared | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biomass. | 24, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diameter | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foraging | 211, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.habitats | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nutrient | 132, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produced | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.species. | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stepwise | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Seedlings | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dentatum) | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direction | 87, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gradients | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.harvested | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nutrients | 39, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.racemosa, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seedlings | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therefore | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.warranted | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.americana) | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.asymmetric | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistent | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expansion. | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fertilized | 117, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fertilizer | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypotheses | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individual | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plasticity | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.belowground | 23, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined. | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.facilitated | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fertilizer; | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populifera, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rectangular | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rhizomatous | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sand-filled | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.below-ground | 50, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistently | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiencies | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypothesized | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.populifolia) | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slow-release | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unfertilized | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Interspecific | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.architectural | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distributions | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nutrient-rich | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristic | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple-stemmed | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plexiglass-covered | 116 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5059420442 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I174025329 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6700000166893005 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life in Land |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.11154749 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |