SALF: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Scalable Academic Credential Management and Institutional Governance Article Swipe
Mustafizul Haque
,
Bùi Thanh Hùng
,
Kamal Upreti
,
Ritu Sapra
,
Rituraj Jain
,
Geethanjali Radhakrishnan
,
Pravin R. Kshirsagar
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt62295
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt62295
This study introduces SALF (Secure Academic Ledger Framework), a technically innovative blockchain-based system engineered to overcome persistent challenges in academic credential management, including latency bottlenecks, governance opacity, and integration inflexibility. SALF pioneers a hybrid on-chain/off-chain architecture optimized for low-latency operations while preserving blockchain immutability, and it employs a role-based smart contract suite tailored to institutional hierarchies. Unlike prior frameworks, SALF integrates a degree-based incentive mechanism that quantifies data quality metrics—legibility, correctness, and non-redundancy—to ensure equitable institutional participation and discourage centralization. Built upon a Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus model, SALF achieves high performance under load, maintaining a throughput of over 30 transactions per second (TPS) and P95 latency below 300 milliseconds. RESTful APIs ensure real-time interoperability with existing systems such as ERPs and academic dashboards. Compared to benchmark systems like EduCert-Chain and EduCopyRight-Chain, the proposed framework achieves a 41.3% reduction in latency and maintains stable throughput under high-load conditions, even as other systems exhibit significant degradation or integration constraints. These distinctive technical contributions position SALF as a scalable, governance-aware, and future-ready infrastructure for decentralized academic credentialing across heterogeneous institutions.
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- Type
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- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt62295
- https://jastt.org/index.php/jasttpath/article/download/295/96
- OA Status
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All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
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https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt62295Digital Object Identifier
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SALF: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Scalable Academic Credential Management and Institutional GovernanceWork title
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
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2025Year of publication
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2025-09-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Mustafizul Haque, Bùi Thanh Hùng, Kamal Upreti, Ritu Sapra, Rituraj Jain, Geethanjali Radhakrishnan, Pravin R. KshirsagarList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.38094/jastt62295Publisher landing page
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https://jastt.org/index.php/jasttpath/article/download/295/96Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://jastt.org/index.php/jasttpath/article/download/295/96Direct OA link when available
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Credential, Blockchain, Scalability, Corporate governance, Business, Process management, Computer science, Accounting, Computer security, Operating system, FinanceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.smart | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suite | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 93, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ledger | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Unlike | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 73, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hybrid | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.second | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stable | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Secure | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RESTful | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employs | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibit | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.latency | 23, 107, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 118, 128, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Academic | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Compared | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.academic | 19, 123, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieves | 90, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contract | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opacity, | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overcome | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pioneers | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tailored | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Authority | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benchmark | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consensus | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equitable | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-load | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incentive | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintains | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimized | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.real-time | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scalable, | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technical | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blockchain | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.credential | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discourage | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engineered | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.governance | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovative | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrates | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduces | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operations | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.persistent | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preserving | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantifies | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role-based | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.throughput | 97, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Framework), | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dashboards. | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.degradation | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinctive | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frameworks, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integration | 28, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-latency | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintaining | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technically | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.architecture | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bottlenecks, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraints. | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correctness, | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.degree-based | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future-ready | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hierarchies. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transactions | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EduCert-Chain | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributions | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.credentialing | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decentralized | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneous | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immutability, | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.institutional | 54, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.institutions. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.milliseconds. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participation | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflexibility. | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infrastructure | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.centralization. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blockchain-based | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interoperability | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.governance-aware, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on-chain/off-chain | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EduCopyRight-Chain, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-redundancy—to | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metrics—legibility, | 69 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.52392964 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |