Scaffolding the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Brain Using Random Noise Stimulation Article Swipe
Itai Berger
,
Ornella Dakwar-Kawar
,
Ephraim S. Grossman
,
Mor Nahum
,
Roi Cohen Kadosh
·
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983
Various methods have been attempted to effectively ameliorate psychiatric and neurological conditions in children and adults. One of the attractive ideas is to develop interventions to create a lasting, rather than only an immediate, effect. Neurostimulation has been shown to yield long-term effect when combined with cognitive training in healthy young adults. We examined whether such approach could benefit children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. We used a randomized double-blind active-controlled crossover study of 19 unmedicated children (aged 7–12 years old) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, who received either transcranial direct current stimulation or random noise stimulation while completing five-day executive functions training, which includes working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition tasks. Both stimulation protocols have previously shown potential for inducing lasting benefits in adults, while transcranial direct current stimulation was examined in multiple attention deficit hyperactivity disorder studies and has been highlighted as a promising method for treating neuropsychological deficits. For our primary outcome, transcranial random noise stimulation yielded a clinical improvement as indicated by the reduced attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale score from baseline, and in comparison to the changes observed in transcranial direct current stimulation. Moreover, the effect of brain stimulation one week after completion of treatment yielded further improvement, suggesting a neuroplasticity-related effect. Finally, transcranial random noise stimulation improved working memory compared to transcranial direct current stimulation, and a larger transcranial random noise stimulation effect on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scale was predicted for those patients who showed the greatest improvement in working memory. Our results provide a promising direction toward a novel intervention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which is shown to have a lasting effect via the modulating of neuroplasticity, rather than a merely immediate effect as was shown for in previous medical interventions.
Related Topics
Concepts
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Transcranial direct-current stimulation
Neurostimulation
Psychology
Brain stimulation
Stimulation
Rating scale
Neuropsychology
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation
Audiology
Cognition
Medicine
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Developmental psychology
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983
- https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/01/21/19005983.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 14
- References
- 96
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2981272388
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2981272388Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Scaffolding the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Brain Using Random Noise StimulationWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2019Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2019-09-19Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Itai Berger, Ornella Dakwar-Kawar, Ephraim S. Grossman, Mor Nahum, Roi Cohen KadoshList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/01/21/19005983.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/01/21/19005983.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, Neurostimulation, Psychology, Brain stimulation, Stimulation, Rating scale, Neuropsychology, Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, Audiology, Cognition, Medicine, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Developmental psychologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
14Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2022: 3, 2021: 7, 2020: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
96Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2981272388 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983 |
| ids.mag | 2981272388 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2981272388 |
| fwci | 1.78721481 |
| type | preprint |
| title | Scaffolding the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Brain Using Random Noise Stimulation |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10614 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Neuroscience |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2808 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Neurology |
| topics[0].display_name | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10537 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2738 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Psychiatry and Mental health |
| topics[1].display_name | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10042 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Neuroscience |
| topics[2].score | 0.9945999979972839 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2805 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Cognitive Neuroscience |
| topics[2].display_name | Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780783007 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7823034524917603 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2777803708 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7621387243270874 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Transcranial direct-current stimulation |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2776443511 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6908655166625977 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724687 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Neurostimulation |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5906684994697571 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2985799443 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5622356534004211 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Brain stimulation |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C24998067 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4831963777542114 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Stimulation |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C83849319 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.47254133224487305 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Rating scale |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C14216870 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.47084686160087585 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Neuropsychology |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C5048701 |
| concepts[8].level | 4 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4659978151321411 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C548259974 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4655027985572815 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Audiology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C169900460 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3370140790939331 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Cognition |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.2879287302494049 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2778581513 |
| concepts[12].level | 3 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.2772377133369446 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C169760540 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.2765392065048218 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Neuroscience |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C118552586 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.24905946850776672 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Psychiatry |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C138496976 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.21328914165496826 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Developmental psychology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7823034524917603 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7621387243270874 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Transcranial direct-current stimulation |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/neurostimulation |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6908655166625977 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Neurostimulation |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5906684994697571 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-stimulation |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5622356534004211 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Brain stimulation |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4831963777542114 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Stimulation |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-scale |
| keywords[6].score | 0.47254133224487305 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Rating scale |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychology |
| keywords[7].score | 0.47084686160087585 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Neuropsychology |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4659978151321411 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4655027985572815 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Audiology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3370140790939331 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Cognition |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[11].score | 0.2879287302494049 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation |
| keywords[12].score | 0.2772377133369446 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience |
| keywords[13].score | 0.2765392065048218 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Neuroscience |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry |
| keywords[14].score | 0.24905946850776672 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Psychiatry |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology |
| keywords[15].score | 0.21328914165496826 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Developmental psychology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1101/19005983 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/01/21/19005983.full.pdf |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5081552737 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-4444 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Itai Berger |
| authorships[0].countries | IL, US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799899409, https://openalex.org/I2802849423 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799899409 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01cqmqj90 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799899409 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IL |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Hadassah Medical Center |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03qxff017 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | IL |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I2802849423 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/036pt7h44 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2802849423 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | University Medical Center |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Itai Berger |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024013500 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-3649 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Ornella Dakwar-Kawar |
| authorships[1].countries | IL |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qxff017 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IL |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Ornella Dakwar-Kawar |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5034353375 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-9231 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Ephraim S. Grossman |
| authorships[2].countries | IL, US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799899409, https://openalex.org/I2802849423 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799899409 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01cqmqj90 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799899409 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IL |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Hadassah Medical Center |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I2802849423 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/036pt7h44 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2802849423 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University Medical Center |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Ephraim S. Grossman |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049112839 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-6486 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Mor Nahum |
| authorships[3].countries | IL |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03qxff017 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I197251160 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IL |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Mor Nahum |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5078356087 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5564-5469 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Roi Cohen Kadosh |
| authorships[4].countries | GB |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/052gg0110 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Oxford |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Roi Cohen Kadosh |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/01/21/19005983.full.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Scaffolding the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Brain Using Random Noise Stimulation |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10614 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Neuroscience |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2808 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Neurology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3202847357, https://openalex.org/W2518768813, https://openalex.org/W1986287589, https://openalex.org/W2172250870, https://openalex.org/W4309216207, https://openalex.org/W2170694363, https://openalex.org/W2409572319, https://openalex.org/W2939586177, https://openalex.org/W2981272388, https://openalex.org/W3198683275 |
| cited_by_count | 14 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1101/19005983 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/01/21/19005983.full.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1101/19005983 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/01/21/19005983.full.pdf |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/19005983 |
| publication_date | 2019-09-19 |
| publication_year | 2019 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2801346898, https://openalex.org/W2129139889, https://openalex.org/W4247665917, https://openalex.org/W2809983066, https://openalex.org/W2686038515, https://openalex.org/W2345619594, https://openalex.org/W2089030269, https://openalex.org/W2155884442, https://openalex.org/W2318825912, https://openalex.org/W2106131177, https://openalex.org/W2553179036, https://openalex.org/W2313090288, https://openalex.org/W2798001826, https://openalex.org/W2899883798, https://openalex.org/W2165530068, https://openalex.org/W2105824687, https://openalex.org/W2052494437, https://openalex.org/W2151837102, https://openalex.org/W2065612082, https://openalex.org/W1992618627, https://openalex.org/W2028632223, https://openalex.org/W2900550338, https://openalex.org/W1998199132, https://openalex.org/W2914897405, https://openalex.org/W2791404221, https://openalex.org/W2282988102, https://openalex.org/W2107022859, https://openalex.org/W2949589979, https://openalex.org/W4211081781, https://openalex.org/W2885275597, https://openalex.org/W2158782477, https://openalex.org/W2155753114, https://openalex.org/W2123720445, https://openalex.org/W2272478797, https://openalex.org/W1974373165, https://openalex.org/W2898410962, https://openalex.org/W2908153096, https://openalex.org/W2119868885, https://openalex.org/W1972571048, https://openalex.org/W4254230094, https://openalex.org/W2964115639, https://openalex.org/W2043561221, https://openalex.org/W2293146851, https://openalex.org/W2128525767, https://openalex.org/W1998560360, https://openalex.org/W2066330403, https://openalex.org/W2096856265, https://openalex.org/W2289986369, https://openalex.org/W2730619992, https://openalex.org/W1965762557, https://openalex.org/W2914647410, https://openalex.org/W2078605343, https://openalex.org/W1492926077, https://openalex.org/W2759792736, https://openalex.org/W2586945530, https://openalex.org/W2082073825, https://openalex.org/W2409362600, https://openalex.org/W2382015271, https://openalex.org/W2395753573, https://openalex.org/W2027093816, https://openalex.org/W2943965448, https://openalex.org/W2176692962, https://openalex.org/W2784013409, https://openalex.org/W2150745396, https://openalex.org/W2215901008, https://openalex.org/W2884539342, https://openalex.org/W2129707336, https://openalex.org/W2213277078, https://openalex.org/W2939586177, https://openalex.org/W1042920302, https://openalex.org/W3103172290, https://openalex.org/W2767266804, https://openalex.org/W2168550034, https://openalex.org/W2554499747, https://openalex.org/W2407827039, https://openalex.org/W1981830992, https://openalex.org/W2588471851, https://openalex.org/W2001430965, https://openalex.org/W20380876, https://openalex.org/W2371684294, https://openalex.org/W2948558278, https://openalex.org/W4253870456, https://openalex.org/W2519031663, https://openalex.org/W2531701913, https://openalex.org/W2911990430, https://openalex.org/W2084654420, https://openalex.org/W2055612844, https://openalex.org/W2566775857, https://openalex.org/W643606810, https://openalex.org/W2948419650, https://openalex.org/W629283852, https://openalex.org/W2319794630, https://openalex.org/W2182541551, https://openalex.org/W3000335274, https://openalex.org/W38315166, https://openalex.org/W3086315876 |
| referenced_works_count | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 28, 76, 153, 169, 214, 232, 262, 266, 279, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.19 | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 53, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 152, 172, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 13, 49, 72, 132, 141, 187, 193, 256, 269, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 22, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 18, 82, 201, 208, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 6, 23, 26, 40, 189, 226, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 10, 15, 118, 148, 186, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 128, 156, 248, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 37, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 19, 67, 175, 190, 199, 253, 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 139, 246, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 95, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Both | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 4, 38, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 3, 124, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.old) | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 31, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.week | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 46, 61, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(aged | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brain | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ideas | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noise | 104, 166, 220, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 182, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.score | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 39, 126, 276, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 112, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 106, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yield | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.young | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7–12 | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.create | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direct | 99, 136, 195, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 43, 200, 238, 281, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.larger | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.memory | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.merely | 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.random | 103, 165, 219, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rather | 30, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rating | 181, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tasks. | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toward | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ADHD), | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Various | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adults, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adults. | 16, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefit | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 100, 137, 196, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deficit | 63, 92, 144, 178, 241, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect. | 35, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthy | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lasting | 130, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medical | 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.memory, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.memory. | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.working | 114, 223, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yielded | 168, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Finally, | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefits | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.children | 14, 60, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combined | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorder | 65, 71, 146, 180, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examined | 54, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five-day | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greatest | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.includes | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inducing | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lasting, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcome, | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previous | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.received | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.training | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treating | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attempted | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attention | 62, 91, 143, 177, 240, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.baseline, | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cognitive | 47, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crossover | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deficits. | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direction | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorder, | 94, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.executive | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immediate | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-term | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predicted | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 154, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocols | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.training, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ameliorate | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attractive | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.childhood. | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.completing | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.completion | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immediate, | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhibition | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulating | 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previously | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.randomized | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighted | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement | 171, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.psychiatric | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimulation | 101, 105, 122, 138, 167, 203, 221, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unmedicated | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.double-blind | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexibility, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement, | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neurological | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimulation, | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stimulation. | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transcranial | 98, 135, 164, 194, 218, 227, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hyperactivity | 64, 93, 145, 179, 242, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interventions | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interventions. | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neurostimulation | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuroplasticity, | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.active-controlled | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neurodevelopmental | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuropsychological | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neuroplasticity-related | 215 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5081552737, https://openalex.org/A5078356087 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I197251160, https://openalex.org/I2799899409, https://openalex.org/I2802849423, https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.82060821 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |