Science-based suggestions to save the world’s rarest primate species Nomascus hainanus Article Swipe
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· 2025
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adv4828
· OA: W4409356546
Conservation practices for extremely small populations must be grounded in solid science to prevent extinction. Hainan gibbon ( Nomascus hainanus ) is the world’s rarest primate species; however, insufficient data on its habitat suitability and genetic status impede evidence-based decisions for habitat restoration. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of Hainan gibbons’ energy intake and expenditure, reproductive parameters, and genetic diversity based on field research (March 2021 to December 2022) and long-term historical data (2003 to 2024). By comparing our results with those of captive gibbons and other free-feeding captive primates, we found that Hainan gibbons can obtain sufficient energy for growth and reproduction in their existing habitats. Furthermore, we identified an additional D-loop haplotype indicating that the current population is more genetically diverse than previously thought. However, recently formed adult male-female pairs are increasingly related, signaling a high risk for inbreeding within this small population. Based on these findings, we highlight an urgent need to expand available habitat by building corridors.
