Scientific novelty beyond the experiment Article Swipe
John E. Hallsworth
,
Zulema Udaondo
,
Carlos Pedrós‐Alió
,
Juan Höfer
,
Kathleen C. Benison
,
Karen G. Lloyd
,
Radamés J. B. Cordero
,
Cláudia Barbosa Ladeira de Campos
,
Michail M. Yakimov
,
Ricardo Amils
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14222
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14222
Practical experiments drive important scientific discoveries in biology, but theory‐based research studies also contribute novel—sometimes paradigm‐changing—findings. Here, we appraise the roles of theory‐based approaches focusing on the experiment‐dominated wet‐biology research areas of microbial growth and survival, cell physiology, host–pathogen interactions, and competitive or symbiotic interactions. Additional examples relate to analyses of genome‐sequence data, climate change and planetary health, habitability, and astrobiology. We assess the importance of thought at each step of the research process; the roles of natural philosophy, and inconsistencies in logic and language, as drivers of scientific progress; the value of thought experiments; the use and limitations of artificial intelligence technologies, including their potential for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research; and other instances when theory is the most‐direct and most‐scientifically robust route to scientific novelty including the development of techniques for practical experimentation or fieldwork. We highlight the intrinsic need for human engagement in scientific innovation, an issue pertinent to the ongoing controversy over papers authored using/authored by artificial intelligence (such as the large language model/chatbot ChatGPT). Other issues discussed are the way in which aspects of language can bias thinking towards the spatial rather than the temporal (and how this biased thinking can lead to skewed scientific terminology); receptivity to research that is non‐mainstream; and the importance of theory‐based science in education and epistemology. Whereas we briefly highlight classic works (those by Oakes Ames, Francis H.C. Crick and James D. Watson, Charles R. Darwin, Albert Einstein, James E. Lovelock, Lynn Margulis, Gilbert Ryle, Erwin R.J.A. Schrödinger, Alan M. Turing, and others), the focus is on microbiology studies that are more‐recent, discussing these in the context of the scientific process and the types of scientific novelty that they represent. These include several studies carried out during the 2020 to 2022 lockdowns of the COVID‐19 pandemic when access to research laboratories was disallowed (or limited). We interviewed the authors of some of the featured microbiology‐related papers and—although we ourselves are involved in laboratory experiments and practical fieldwork—also drew from our own research experiences showing that such studies can not only produce new scientific findings but can also transcend barriers between disciplines, act counter to scientific reductionism, integrate biological data across different timescales and levels of complexity, and circumvent constraints imposed by practical techniques. In relation to urgent research needs, we believe that climate change and other global challenges may require approaches beyond the experiment.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14222
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1751-7915.14222
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 62
- References
- 329
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4320709689
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4320709689Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14222Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Scientific novelty beyond the experimentWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-02-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
John E. Hallsworth, Zulema Udaondo, Carlos Pedrós‐Alió, Juan Höfer, Kathleen C. Benison, Karen G. Lloyd, Radamés J. B. Cordero, Cláudia Barbosa Ladeira de Campos, Michail M. Yakimov, Ricardo AmilsList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14222Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1751-7915.14222Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1751-7915.14222Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Novelty, Cognitive science, Philosophy of science, Data science, Epistemology, Terminology, Scientific enterprise, Mainstream, Computer science, Ecology, Sociology, Psychology, Biology, Science education, Philosophy, Theology, Pedagogy, Linguistics, Social psychologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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62Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 4, 2024: 29, 2023: 29Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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329Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| countries_distinct_count | 5 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.9971208 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |