Scientific Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the establishment of dietary guidelines for people following a diet that excludes some or all foods of animal origin (vegetarians) Article Swipe

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Emmanuelle Kesse‐Guyot , Benjamin Allès , Blandine de Lauzon‐Guillain , Christine Feillet‐Coudray , Nathanaël Lapidus , François Mariotti , Olivier Steichen , Clara Benzi‐Schmid , Karine Adel‐Patient , Charlotte Beaudart , Annabelle Bédard , Cécile Betry , Patrick Borel , Jérôme Gay‐Queheillard , Aurélie Goncalves , Tao Jiang , Corinne Malpuech‐Brugere , Christine Morand , Thomas Mouillot , Ruddy Richard , Anne‐Sophie Rousseau , Stéphane Walrand , Sabine Houdart , Laure Du Chaffaut , Marine Oseredczuk , Véronique Sirot , Aymeric Dopter , Irène Margaritis , Perrine Nadaud ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/fr.efsa.2025.fr-0074

This document presents the opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), established from the work of its Working Group on Vegetarian diets and validated by its Expert Committee on Human Nutrition. ANSES issued an internal request to establish dietary guidelines for people who follow a diet that excludes some or all foods of animal origin. Firstly, ANSES conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature to identify epidemiological links between health and various types of vegetarian diets. This systematic review showed that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is lower with vegetarian than with non‐vegetarian diets. With a lower level of evidence, vegetarians are less likely than non‐vegetarians to develop certain diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, ovulation disorders, certain types of cancer (prostate, stomach, blood) and certain ophthalmological and gastro‐intestinal diseases. However, they are at greater risk of bone fractures and hypospadias (congenital malformation of the urethra). The epidemiological studies examined showed that vegetarians have a less favourable nutritional status in iron, iodine and vitamins B12 and D, and a poorer calcium and phosphorus balance than non‐vegetarians. Vegans also have a less favourable nutritional status in vitamin B2. ANSES then used dietary optimisation to identify combinations of food groups (state variables) enabling the set objectives to be met, i.e. to reduce nutritional and toxicological risks, while deviating as little as possible from current consumption habits. All the nutritional and toxicological constraints and the criteria (minimisations or maximisations) made it possible to take account of the risks associated with nutrient intakes or exposure to contaminants, as well as the expected nutritional benefits. The systematic review and establishment of dietary guidelines using an optimisation tool show that the lacto‐ovo‐vegetarian diet requires particular attention regarding certain nutrients for which requirements in terms of vitamin D and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids may not be met. The risk of requirements not being met by the lacto‐ovo‐vegetarian diet is greater than that associated with the diet of non‐vegetarian populations. In addition, lacto‐ovo‐vegetarians limiting their intake of milk and fresh dairy products may not be able to cover their vitamin B12 requirements. Furthermore, with the vegan diet, which excludes all foods of animal origin, it is difficult to meet the dietary reference value for zinc in men.

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.2903/fr.efsa.2025.fr-0074
PDF: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.2903/fr.efsa.2025.FR-0074
OA Status: hybrid
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OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4415513960

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/fr.efsa.2025.fr-0074

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Title: Scientific Opinion of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety on the establishment of dietary guidelines for people following a diet that excludes some or all foods of animal origin (vegetarians)

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Authors: Emmanuelle Kesse‐Guyot, Benjamin Allès, Blandine de Lauzon‐Guillain, Christine Feillet‐Coudray, Nathanaël Lapidus, François Mariotti, Olivier Steichen, Clara Benzi‐Schmid, Karine Adel‐Patient, Charlotte Beaudart, Annabelle Bédard, Cécile Betry, Patrick Borel, Jérôme Gay‐Queheillard, Aurélie Goncalves, Tao Jiang, Corinne Malpuech‐Brugere, Christine Morand, Thomas Mouillot, Ruddy Richard, Anne‐Sophie Rousseau, Stéphane Walrand, Sabine Houdart, Laure Du Chaffaut, Marine Oseredczuk, Véronique Sirot, Aymeric Dopter, Irène Margaritis, Perrine Nadaud

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abstract_inverted_index.With	105
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abstract_inverted_index.that	54, 89, 162, 284, 326
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abstract_inverted_index.zinc	378
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abstract_inverted_index.ANSES	39, 64, 198
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abstract_inverted_index.Human	37
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abstract_inverted_index.diet,	360
abstract_inverted_index.diets	29
abstract_inverted_index.fatty	306
abstract_inverted_index.foods	59, 364
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abstract_inverted_index.lower	98, 107
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abstract_inverted_index.terms	298
abstract_inverted_index.their	338, 352
abstract_inverted_index.types	81, 129
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abstract_inverted_index.vegan	359
abstract_inverted_index.which	295, 361
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abstract_inverted_index.Expert	34
abstract_inverted_index.French	8
abstract_inverted_index.Health	15
abstract_inverted_index.Safety	17
abstract_inverted_index.Vegans	187
abstract_inverted_index.animal	61, 366
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abstract_inverted_index.cancer	131
abstract_inverted_index.diets.	84, 104
abstract_inverted_index.follow	51
abstract_inverted_index.groups	208
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abstract_inverted_index.people	49
abstract_inverted_index.poorer	180
abstract_inverted_index.reduce	220
abstract_inverted_index.review	68, 87, 273
abstract_inverted_index.risks,	224
abstract_inverted_index.showed	88, 161
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abstract_inverted_index.balance	184
abstract_inverted_index.between	77
abstract_inverted_index.calcium	181
abstract_inverted_index.certain	119, 128, 136, 292
abstract_inverted_index.current	232
abstract_inverted_index.develop	118
abstract_inverted_index.dietary	46, 201, 277, 374
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abstract_inverted_index.intakes	259
abstract_inverted_index.opinion	5
abstract_inverted_index.origin,	367
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abstract_inverted_index.various	80
abstract_inverted_index.vitamin	196, 300, 353
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abstract_inverted_index.criteria	243
abstract_inverted_index.diabetes	96
abstract_inverted_index.disease,	125
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abstract_inverted_index.examined	160
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abstract_inverted_index.exposure	261
abstract_inverted_index.identify	74, 204
abstract_inverted_index.internal	42
abstract_inverted_index.limiting	337
abstract_inverted_index.nutrient	258
abstract_inverted_index.possible	230, 249
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abstract_inverted_index.stomach,	133
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abstract_inverted_index.attention	290
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abstract_inverted_index.Nutrition.	38
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abstract_inverted_index.favourable	167, 192
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abstract_inverted_index.scientific	71
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abstract_inverted_index.vegetarian	83, 100
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abstract_inverted_index.consumption	233
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abstract_inverted_index.hypospadias	151
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abstract_inverted_index.vegetarians	111, 163
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abstract_inverted_index.malformation	153
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abstract_inverted_index.epidemiological	75, 158
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abstract_inverted_index.non‐vegetarians	116
abstract_inverted_index.non‐vegetarians.	186
abstract_inverted_index.gastro‐intestinal	139
abstract_inverted_index.lacto‐ovo‐vegetarian	286, 321
abstract_inverted_index.lacto‐ovo‐vegetarians	336
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	29
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citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False