Secure wireless communication of brain–computer interface and mind control of smart devices enabled by space-time-coding metasurface Article Swipe
Qiang Xiao
,
Lin Han Fan
,
Qian Ma
,
Yu Ning
,
Ze Gu
,
Long Chen
,
Hengxin Ruan
,
Jian Wei You
,
Yafeng Niu
,
Tie Jun Cui
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63326-0
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63326-0
Brain-computer interface (BCI) provides an interconnected pathway between the human brain and external devices and paves a potential route for mind manipulations. However, most existing BCI technologies are based on simple signal transmission and are independent of other interface devices, with limited consideration for the reliability and security of the human brain's information interaction in complicated wireless environments. Here, we propose a deep fusion coding scheme that combines the BCI visual stimulation coding with metasurface space-time coding at the physical layer, enabling reliable and secure information transfers between the human brain and external devices. A brain space-time-coding metasurface platform is designed to implement a secure wireless communication system by using harmonic-encrypted beams. We design and fabricate a proof-of-principle prototype and experimentally show that the proposed wireless BCI scheme can establish a remote but safeguarded paradigm for human-machine interactions and intelligent metasurfaces, providing a potential direction in future secure wireless communications.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63326-0
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63326-0.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 41
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4413579288
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4413579288Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63326-0Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Secure wireless communication of brain–computer interface and mind control of smart devices enabled by space-time-coding metasurfaceWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-08-25Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Qiang Xiao, Lin Han Fan, Qian Ma, Yu Ning, Ze Gu, Long Chen, Hengxin Ruan, Jian Wei You, Yafeng Niu, Tie Jun CuiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63326-0Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63326-0.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63326-0.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Computer science, Wireless, Brain–computer interface, Coding (social sciences), Wireless network, Interface (matter), Telecommunications, Bubble, Psychology, Electroencephalography, Parallel computing, Mathematics, Psychiatry, Statistics, Maximum bubble pressure methodTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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41Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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