Self-sampling to identify pathogens and inflammatory markers in patients with acute sore throat: Feasibility study Article Swipe
Mark Lown
,
Elizabeth A. Miles
,
Helena L. Fisk
,
Kirsten A. Smith
,
Ingrid Müller
,
Emma Maund
,
Kirsty Rogers
,
Taeko Becque
,
Gail Hayward
,
Michael Moore
,
Paul Little
,
Margaret Głogowska
,
Alastair D Hay
,
Beth Stuart
,
Efi Mantzourani
,
Christopher Butler
,
Jennifer Bostock
,
Firoza Davies
,
Ian M. Dickerson
,
Natalie Thompson
,
Nick Francis
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016181
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016181
Introduction Sore throat is a common reason for overuse of antibiotics. The value of inflammatory or biomarkers in throat swab or saliva samples in predicting benefit from antibiotics is unknown. Methods We used the ‘person-based approach’ to develop an online tool to support self-swabbing and recruited adults and children with sore throats through participating general practices and social media. Participants took bacterial and viral swabs and a saliva sponge swab and passive drool sample. Bacterial swabs were cultured for streptococcus (Group A, B, C, F and G). The viral swab and saliva samples were tested using a routine respiratory panel PCR and Covid-19 PCR testing. We used remaining viral swab and saliva sample volume for biomarker analysis using a panel of 13 biomarkers. Results We recruited 11 asymptomatic participants and 45 symptomatic participants. From 45 symptomatic participants, bacterial throat swab, viral throat swab, saliva sponge and saliva drool samples were returned by 41/45 (91.1%), 43/45 (95.6%), 43/45 (95.6%) and 43/45 (95.6%) participants respectively. Three saliva sponge and 6 saliva drool samples were of insufficient quantity. Two adult participants had positive bacterial swabs. Six participants had a virus detected from at least one sample (swab or saliva). All of the biomarkers assessed were detectable from all samples where there was sufficient volume for testing. For most biomarkers we found higher concentrations in the saliva samples. Due to low numbers, we were not able to compare biomarker concentrations in those who did and did not have a bacterial pathogen detected. We found no evidence of a difference between biomarker concentrations between the symptomatic and asymptomatic participants but the distributions were wide. Conclusions We have demonstrated that it is feasible for patients with sore throat to self-swab and provide saliva samples for pathogen and biomarker analysis. Typical bacterial and viral pathogens were detected but at low prevalence rates. Further work is needed to determine if measuring biomarkers using oropharyngeal samples can help to differentiate between viral and bacterial pathogens in patients classified as medium or high risk using clinical scores, in order to better guide antibiotic prescribing and reduce inappropriate prescriptions.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016181
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 28
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4302303538
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4302303538Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016181Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Self-sampling to identify pathogens and inflammatory markers in patients with acute sore throat: Feasibility studyWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-10-06Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mark Lown, Elizabeth A. Miles, Helena L. Fisk, Kirsten A. Smith, Ingrid Müller, Emma Maund, Kirsty Rogers, Taeko Becque, Gail Hayward, Michael Moore, Paul Little, Margaret Głogowska, Alastair D Hay, Beth Stuart, Efi Mantzourani, Christopher Butler, Jennifer Bostock, Firoza Davies, Ian M. Dickerson, Natalie Thompson, Nick FrancisList of authors in order
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016181Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016181Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Saliva, Sore throat, Medicine, Throat, Asymptomatic, Biomarker, Pharyngitis, Internal medicine, Immunology, Surgery, Biology, BiochemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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28Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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