Sex differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and contributing factors among psychiatric patients in Saudi Arabia Article Swipe
Ali Abdullah Alyousef
,
Pandurangan Subash‐Babu
,
Ghedeir M. Alshammari
,
Kholoud B. Alabdulkareem
,
Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub
,
Mohammed Alomar
,
Abdulmohsen Jasem Alrashed
,
Mohammed Awad alkareem Mohammed Ahmed
,
Mohammed Abdo Yahya
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145
Background/objectives The purpose of this study was to detect sex differences in metabolic syndrome (MS) features and risk variables among Saudi participants. Methods For this study, 144 patients (52.08% males, 47.92% females) aged 19 to 59 signed a written consent form based on the Declaration of Helsinki, either as a patient or a family member. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data on family disease history, health, and eating habits. MS components included waist circumstance (WC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), fasting glucose (FG), and blood pressure. A chi-square test was used to compare categorical data within and across sexes. Results The associations between variables were found using Spearman correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis. Anthropometric indices were significantly ( p ≤ 0.01) varied between sexes as well as family history, health behaviors, and eating behaviors. Sex variations in MS components that contributed to an MS diagnosis were discovered and were significantly varied between sexes. The most common components in males were low HDL-C (90.67%), high WC (85.33), and elevated TG levels (76.0%). In females, the most typically recognized components were high WC (86.96%), followed by high FG (69.57%) and high blood pressure and TG (63.77%). Sex differences in other risk variables for MS, such as family history, health, dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking, were found to be associated with high anthropometric indices. Conclusion Sex-specific public health policies and management techniques for preventing MS in the older adult population should be created for Saudis who are aging physiologically.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145
- https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 53
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409404419
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409404419Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Sex differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and contributing factors among psychiatric patients in Saudi ArabiaWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-14Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Ali Abdullah Alyousef, Pandurangan Subash‐Babu, Ghedeir M. Alshammari, Kholoud B. Alabdulkareem, Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub, Mohammed Alomar, Abdulmohsen Jasem Alrashed, Mohammed Awad alkareem Mohammed Ahmed, Mohammed Abdo YahyaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Anthropometry, Waist, Family history, Metabolic syndrome, Cross-sectional study, Demography, Population, Blood pressure, Obesity, Internal medicine, Environmental health, Pathology, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
53Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4409404419 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40297023 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4409404419 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D024821 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Metabolic Syndrome |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D012529 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Saudi Arabia |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D015995 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Prevalence |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D012737 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Sex Factors |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D012307 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Risk Factors |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D001523 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Mental Disorders |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D055815 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Young Adult |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D024821 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Metabolic Syndrome |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D012529 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Saudi Arabia |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D015995 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Prevalence |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D012737 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Sex Factors |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D012307 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Risk Factors |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | Q000453 |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D001523 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | epidemiology |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Mental Disorders |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D055815 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Young Adult |
| type | article |
| title | Sex differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and contributing factors among psychiatric patients in Saudi Arabia |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 1579145 |
| biblio.first_page | 1579145 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10027 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2712 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism |
| topics[0].display_name | Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10010 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9958999752998352 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2739 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
| topics[1].display_name | Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13861 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/36 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Health Professions |
| topics[2].score | 0.98580002784729 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3600 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | General Health Professions |
| topics[2].display_name | Health and Lifestyle Studies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2490 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2490 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6709170341491699 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C61427482 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6317817568778992 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Anthropometry |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2776193436 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6010944843292236 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236232 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Waist |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2781179581 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5757904648780823 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857712 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Family history |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2780578515 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5423752069473267 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Metabolic syndrome |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C142052008 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.49384695291519165 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Cross-sectional study |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C149923435 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.48543840646743774 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Demography |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2908647359 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.46990033984184265 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Population |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C84393581 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4657590687274933 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Blood pressure |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C511355011 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.43159496784210205 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Obesity |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3022434711456299 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C99454951 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.21214213967323303 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Environmental health |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0788441002368927 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C144024400 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Sociology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6709170341491699 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropometry |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6317817568778992 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Anthropometry |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/waist |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6010944843292236 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Waist |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5757904648780823 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Family history |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5423752069473267 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Metabolic syndrome |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-sectional-study |
| keywords[5].score | 0.49384695291519165 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Cross-sectional study |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/demography |
| keywords[6].score | 0.48543840646743774 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Demography |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/population |
| keywords[7].score | 0.46990033984184265 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Population |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4657590687274933 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Blood pressure |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity |
| keywords[9].score | 0.43159496784210205 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Obesity |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3022434711456299 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health |
| keywords[11].score | 0.21214213967323303 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Environmental health |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology |
| keywords[12].score | 0.0788441002368927 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Pathology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2595931848 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2296-2565 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2296-2565 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145/pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40297023 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Frontiers in public health |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40297023 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12034668 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Front Public Health |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12034668 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c8292911b6fd4e28a71886a25686fc16 |
| locations[3].is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 13 (2025) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/c8292911b6fd4e28a71886a25686fc16 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102600767 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-0593 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Ali Abdullah Alyousef |
| authorships[0].countries | SA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Ali Abdullah Alyousef |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023242595 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3938-071X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Pandurangan Subash‐Babu |
| authorships[1].countries | SA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Pandurangan Subash-Babu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067576511 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-6725 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Ghedeir M. Alshammari |
| authorships[2].countries | SA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Ghedeir M Alshammari |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5114958852 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Kholoud B. Alabdulkareem |
| authorships[3].countries | SA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Social Studies, College of Arts, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Kholoud B Alabdulkareem |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Social Studies, College of Arts, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062317057 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-6361 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub |
| authorships[4].countries | SA |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Abu ElGasim A Yagoub |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5005987491 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-8698 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Mohammed Alomar |
| authorships[5].countries | SA |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210127754 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Mental Health Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Ministry of Health, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210127754 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/030atj633 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210127754 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Ministry of Health |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Mohammed Abdullah Alomar |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Mental Health Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Ministry of Health, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5020773399 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Abdulmohsen Jasem Alrashed |
| authorships[6].countries | SA |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210127754 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Mental Health Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Ministry of Health, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210127754 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/030atj633 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210127754 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Ministry of Health |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Abdulmohsen Jasem Alrashed |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Mental Health Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Ministry of Health, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036823804 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-2297 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Mohammed Awad alkareem Mohammed Ahmed |
| authorships[7].countries | SA |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Mohammed A Mohammed |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039415077 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9600 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Mohammed Abdo Yahya |
| authorships[8].countries | SA |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02f81g417 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28022161 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | SA |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | King Saud University |
| authorships[8].author_position | last |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Mohammed Abdo Yahya |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145/pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Sex differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and contributing factors among psychiatric patients in Saudi Arabia |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10027 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2712 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism |
| primary_topic.display_name | Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2376494475, https://openalex.org/W1991965293, https://openalex.org/W3203496442, https://openalex.org/W2110332595, https://openalex.org/W2016457277, https://openalex.org/W2521243952, https://openalex.org/W2253220613, https://openalex.org/W2057501204, https://openalex.org/W3029698927, https://openalex.org/W2131270722 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2595931848 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2296-2565 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2296-2565 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145/pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2595931848 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2296-2565 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2296-2565 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145/pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1579145 |
| publication_date | 2025-04-14 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4403496222, https://openalex.org/W2775357565, https://openalex.org/W4200504114, https://openalex.org/W3024345160, https://openalex.org/W3093165001, https://openalex.org/W3112847627, https://openalex.org/W2579609537, https://openalex.org/W2752320455, https://openalex.org/W2972787225, https://openalex.org/W2752320193, https://openalex.org/W2943331975, https://openalex.org/W2756346205, https://openalex.org/W2568394316, https://openalex.org/W4200580771, https://openalex.org/W2898063183, https://openalex.org/W2801311106, https://openalex.org/W4397006471, https://openalex.org/W2154204487, https://openalex.org/W3106507278, https://openalex.org/W2593017779, https://openalex.org/W2087484885, https://openalex.org/W3080084185, https://openalex.org/W2138012664, https://openalex.org/W2059268373, https://openalex.org/W2091081971, https://openalex.org/W2889034659, https://openalex.org/W2592419144, https://openalex.org/W2606632296, https://openalex.org/W3113305902, https://openalex.org/W3131668991, https://openalex.org/W2745750757, https://openalex.org/W2965621614, https://openalex.org/W4220938759, https://openalex.org/W4200209517, https://openalex.org/W3027525329, https://openalex.org/W3025607100, https://openalex.org/W2797868822, https://openalex.org/W3217000603, https://openalex.org/W4206841239, https://openalex.org/W3092651064, https://openalex.org/W3090735861, https://openalex.org/W4360609141, https://openalex.org/W2136112671, https://openalex.org/W4206102865, https://openalex.org/W3111338341, https://openalex.org/W2897718214, https://openalex.org/W2116385248, https://openalex.org/W3036502831, https://openalex.org/W3135381766, https://openalex.org/W3181912937, https://openalex.org/W3042339091, https://openalex.org/W2990943576, https://openalex.org/W4387212528 |
| referenced_works_count | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.( | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 55, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 37, 49, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.p | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.19 | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.59 | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FG | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MS | 71, 141, 147, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TG | 172, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WC | 168, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 48, 128, 130, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 220, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 11, 140, 161, 200, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 42, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 7, 34, 60, 94, 145, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.144 | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MS, | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sex | 138, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 1, 103, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 16, 68, 86, 99, 113, 135, 151, 170, 191, 195, 215, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 204, 234, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sex | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 43, 177, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 6, 58, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≤ | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MS) | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aged | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 62, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 167, 183, 188, 192, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 158, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 17, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 4, 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 59, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 107, 119, 149, 152, 163, 182, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(FG), | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WC), | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.01) | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HDL-C | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Saudi | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adult | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aging | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blood | 87, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 108, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.males | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.older | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sexes | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.waist | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TGs), | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.47.92% | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Saudis | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detect | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eating | 69, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.family | 53, 64, 131, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 133, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.males, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.public | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sexes. | 101, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signed | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simple | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survey | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varied | 125, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(52.08% | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 105, 126, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collect | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compare | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consent | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.created | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dietary | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fasting | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.glucose | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.habits, | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.habits. | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health, | 67, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indices | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.member. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purpose | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.written | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(69.57%) | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(76.0%). | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(85.33), | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HDL-C), | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Spearman | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elevated | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.females) | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.females, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.history, | 66, 132, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.included | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indices. | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.policies | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smoking, | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.syndrome | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(63.77%). | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(86.96%), | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(90.67%), | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Helsinki, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis. | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagnosis | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metabolic | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sedentary | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.typically | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables | 18, 106, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behaviors, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behaviors. | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chi-square | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 72, 142, 160, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discovered | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lifestyle, | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preventing | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recognized | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regression | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Declaration | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categorical | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cholesterol | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributed | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlation | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences | 10, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lipoprotein | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sex-specific | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associations | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.circumstance | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coefficients | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-density | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 120, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.triglycerides | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Anthropometric | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anthropometric | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross-sectional | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physiologically. | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background/objectives | 0 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8399999737739563 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.15839582 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |