Silicon Nitride Spot-Size Converter with Coupling Loss < 1.5 dB for Both Polarizations at 1W Optical Input Article Swipe
Enge Zhang
,
Yu Zhang
,
Lei Zhang
,
Xu Yang
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010005
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010005
Microwave photonics (MWP) applications often require a high optical input power (>100 mW) to achieve an optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, conventional silicon spot-size converters (SSCs) are susceptible to high optical power due to the two-photon absorption (TPA) effect. To overcome this, we introduce a silicon nitride (SiN) SSC fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. When coupled to a tapered fiber with a 4.5 μm mode field diameter (MFD), the device exhibits low coupling losses of <0.9 dB for TE modes and <1.4 dB for TM modes at relatively low optical input power. Even at a 1W input power, the additional loss is minimal, at approximately 0.1 dB. The versatility of the SSC is further demonstrated by its ability to efficiently couple to fibers with MFDs of 2.5 μm and 6.5 μm, maintaining coupling losses below 1.5 dB for both polarizations over the entire C-band. This adaptability to different mode diameters makes the SiN SSC a promising candidate for future electro-optic chiplets that integrate heterogeneous materials such as III-V for gain and lithium niobate for modulation with the SiN-on-SOI for all other functions using advanced packaging techniques.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010005
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/5/pdf?version=1735050859
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 37
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4405737321
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4405737321Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010005Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Silicon Nitride Spot-Size Converter with Coupling Loss < 1.5 dB for Both Polarizations at 1W Optical InputWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-12-24Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Enge Zhang, Yu Zhang, Lei Zhang, Xu YangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12010005Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/5/pdf?version=1735050859Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/1/5/pdf?version=1735050859Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Materials science, Coupling loss, Optoelectronics, Coupling (piping), Nitride, Silicon nitride, Optics, Silicon, Optical fiber, Physics, Nanotechnology, Layer (electronics), MetallurgyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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37Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4281849792, https://openalex.org/W1595003097, https://openalex.org/W2235174674, https://openalex.org/W2026418326, https://openalex.org/W2941213722, https://openalex.org/W2928322472, https://openalex.org/W4280615638, https://openalex.org/W3047301857, https://openalex.org/W3016874508, https://openalex.org/W3041992595, https://openalex.org/W1974105171, https://openalex.org/W2075990040, https://openalex.org/W2147608639, https://openalex.org/W6672139844, https://openalex.org/W2051033774, https://openalex.org/W6745534115, https://openalex.org/W2010280748, https://openalex.org/W2024797770, https://openalex.org/W3095396763, https://openalex.org/W3044912193, https://openalex.org/W3008414995, https://openalex.org/W2327631316, https://openalex.org/W2811093917, https://openalex.org/W2292146428, https://openalex.org/W2913539731, https://openalex.org/W3028409820, https://openalex.org/W3037829209, https://openalex.org/W4401933144, https://openalex.org/W4385315819, https://openalex.org/W4402495529, https://openalex.org/W4404884625, https://openalex.org/W2559171929, https://openalex.org/W2899636074, https://openalex.org/W4400289994, https://openalex.org/W4292375926, https://openalex.org/W2964839281, https://openalex.org/W6861246491 |
| referenced_works_count | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 6, 44, 51, 58, 62, 95, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1W | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TE | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TM | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 87, 94, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dB | 77, 83, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 102, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 75, 110, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 13, 28, 33, 57, 119, 122, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.1 | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.5 | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2.5 | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4.5 | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6.5 | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SSC | 48, 112, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SiN | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 81, 129, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dB. | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 78, 84, 138, 158, 169, 174, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 72, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mW) | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 34, 69, 99, 111, 142, 152, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.μm | 64, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Even | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MFDs | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gain | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 7, 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loss | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mode | 65, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 61, 124, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.μm, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MWP) | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SOI) | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SiN) | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TPA) | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.III-V | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.below | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fiber | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.input | 9, 91, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.makes | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modes | 80, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 10, 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MFD), | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SNR). | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SSCs) | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.couple | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.device | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entire | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fibers | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.losses | 74, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<0.9 | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<1.4 | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.C-band. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupled | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect. | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lithium | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.niobate | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nitride | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optical | 8, 30, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.require | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silicon | 22, 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tapered | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(>100 | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advanced | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chiplets | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupling | 73, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diameter | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibits | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimal, | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overcome | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Microwave | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.candidate | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diameters | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrate | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduce | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.packaging | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photonics | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spot-size | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SiN-on-SOI | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absorption | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.converters | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fabricated | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulation | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relatively | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substrate. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two-photon | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiently | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintaining | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.susceptible | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versatility | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptability | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximately | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electro-optic | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneous | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polarizations | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal-to-noise | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silicon-on-insulator | 52 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5101884567 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2800372957 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7300000190734863 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.68146845 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |