SILVER NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS REPLICATION Article Swipe
Mohamed J. Saadh
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963
Objective: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) threatens the poultry industry and causes global economic losses. The IBV is highly variable. Thus, no effective drugs are available. Objective of the present study was to evaluate silver nanoparticles against it as an antiviral agent. Methods: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been evaluated as antivirals against IBV. P. betle leaf extract biosynthesizes AgNPs from silver nitrate. UV/vis absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize AgNPs. TEM indicated particle sizes of 5–30 nm, and XRD demonstrated their characteristic AgNPs structure. The antiviral activity of AgNPs was measured by the log embryo infective dose 50 (logEID50)/ml and the number of IBV genome copies. Results: XRD analysis showed a structure for AgNPs, and transmission electron microscopy showed a size of 5–30 nm for AgNPs. AgNPs at a noncytotoxic concentration inhibit the interaction between the virus and the cell, preventing the virus from entering the cell and reducing the number of IBV genome copies (per µl) in ovo by preventing the formation of the IBV RNA genome, resulting in a significant reduction in the IBV titer. Conclusion: AgNPs possess antiviral properties that inhibit IBV replication in ovo. The findings indicate that AgNPs are a promising drug candidate for treating or preventing IBV infection.
Related Topics
Concepts
In ovo
Silver nanoparticle
Infectious bronchitis virus
Transmission electron microscopy
Virus
Virology
Chemistry
Newcastle disease
Coronavirus
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Viral replication
Microbiology
Biology
Nanoparticle
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Materials science
Nanotechnology
Embryo
Medicine
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Disease
Chemical engineering
Engineering
Pathology
Cell biology
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963
- https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/download/48963/29008
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 20
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4388610916
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4388610916Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
SILVER NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS REPLICATIONWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-11-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mohamed J. SaadhList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/download/48963/29008Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/download/48963/29008Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
In ovo, Silver nanoparticle, Infectious bronchitis virus, Transmission electron microscopy, Virus, Virology, Chemistry, Newcastle disease, Coronavirus, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Viral replication, Microbiology, Biology, Nanoparticle, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Materials science, Nanotechnology, Embryo, Medicine, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Disease, Chemical engineering, Engineering, Pathology, Cell biologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
20Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4388610916 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4388610916 |
| fwci | 0.26695426 |
| type | article |
| title | SILVER NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS REPLICATION |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | 166 |
| biblio.first_page | 163 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11495 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1103 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Animal Science and Zoology |
| topics[0].display_name | Animal Virus Infections Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9970999956130981 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[1].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11987 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9781000018119812 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2729 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| topics[2].display_name | COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2778765379 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7556552886962891 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17055931 |
| concepts[0].display_name | In ovo |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C31499863 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7200702428817749 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905762 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Silver nanoparticle |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2993325435 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6312631368637085 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965335 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Infectious bronchitis virus |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C146088050 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.579653263092041 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744818 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Transmission electron microscopy |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2522874641 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5399549007415771 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Virus |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5143855214118958 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5121974349021912 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2778116459 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5082680583000183 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327082 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Newcastle disease |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2777648638 |
| concepts[8].level | 5 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4234880805015564 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Coronavirus |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C160892712 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.42169904708862305 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C140704245 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.41317906975746155 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Viral replication |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C89423630 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.34020984172821045 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Microbiology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.2884943187236786 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C155672457 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.2722627520561218 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Nanoparticle |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C3008058167 |
| concepts[14].level | 4 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.19289171695709229 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.19152086973190308 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.19146078824996948 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C196843134 |
| concepts[17].level | 2 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.18967139720916748 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Embryo |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.12723815441131592 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C524204448 |
| concepts[19].level | 3 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.08695065975189209 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[20].level | 2 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.06768259406089783 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C42360764 |
| concepts[21].level | 1 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.05723735690116882 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[22].level | 0 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[23].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[23].level | 1 |
| concepts[23].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[23].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[23].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[24].id | https://openalex.org/C95444343 |
| concepts[24].level | 1 |
| concepts[24].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[24].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141 |
| concepts[24].display_name | Cell biology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/in-ovo |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7556552886962891 |
| keywords[0].display_name | In ovo |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-nanoparticle |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7200702428817749 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Silver nanoparticle |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-bronchitis-virus |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6312631368637085 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Infectious bronchitis virus |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-electron-microscopy |
| keywords[3].score | 0.579653263092041 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Transmission electron microscopy |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virus |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5399549007415771 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Virus |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5143855214118958 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5121974349021912 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/newcastle-disease |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5082680583000183 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Newcastle disease |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4234880805015564 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Coronavirus |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy |
| keywords[9].score | 0.42169904708862305 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication |
| keywords[10].score | 0.41317906975746155 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Viral replication |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microbiology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.34020984172821045 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Microbiology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[12].score | 0.2884943187236786 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle |
| keywords[13].score | 0.2722627520561218 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Nanoparticle |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019 |
| keywords[14].score | 0.19289171695709229 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[15].score | 0.19152086973190308 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[16].score | 0.19146078824996948 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/embryo |
| keywords[17].score | 0.18967139720916748 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Embryo |
| keywords[18].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[18].score | 0.12723815441131592 |
| keywords[18].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[19].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease |
| keywords[19].score | 0.08695065975189209 |
| keywords[19].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| keywords[20].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[20].score | 0.06768259406089783 |
| keywords[20].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[21].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering |
| keywords[21].score | 0.05723735690116882 |
| keywords[21].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764477652 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0975-7058 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0975-7058 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4322697801 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Innovare Academic Sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4322697801 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Innovare Academic Sciences |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/download/48963/29008 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016779284 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-4900 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Mohamed J. Saadh |
| authorships[0].countries | JO |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I146367977, https://openalex.org/I91633459 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman-11831, Jordan. Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I146367977 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01ah6nb52 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I146367977 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | JO |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Applied Science Private University |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I91633459 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/059bgad73 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I91633459 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | JO |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Middle East University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | MOHAMED J. SAADH |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman-11831, Jordan. Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/download/48963/29008 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | SILVER NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS REPLICATION |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11495 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1103 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Animal Science and Zoology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Animal Virus Infections Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2527012682, https://openalex.org/W1973314767, https://openalex.org/W2898511695, https://openalex.org/W2140442458, https://openalex.org/W2097550303, https://openalex.org/W2613138431, https://openalex.org/W2333658759, https://openalex.org/W2366193623, https://openalex.org/W3189032175, https://openalex.org/W1967580825 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764477652 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0975-7058 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0975-7058 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4322697801 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Innovare Academic Sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4322697801 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Innovare Academic Sciences |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/download/48963/29008 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764477652 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0975-7058 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0975-7058 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4322697801 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Innovare Academic Sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4322697801 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Innovare Academic Sciences |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ijap/article/download/48963/29008 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.48963 |
| publication_date | 2023-11-07 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2069411599, https://openalex.org/W1493921847, https://openalex.org/W3003217347, https://openalex.org/W3037609463, https://openalex.org/W3094677599, https://openalex.org/W4309423667, https://openalex.org/W3167362366, https://openalex.org/W3199905388, https://openalex.org/W4280645407, https://openalex.org/W4382796520, https://openalex.org/W4226310309, https://openalex.org/W3148936376, https://openalex.org/W4319863703, https://openalex.org/W3205387132, https://openalex.org/W3176510709, https://openalex.org/W4225709777, https://openalex.org/W4313554557, https://openalex.org/W2104221133, https://openalex.org/W4383669885, https://openalex.org/W3127623945 |
| referenced_works_count | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 122, 131, 140, 182, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.50 | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.P. | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 38, 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 103, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 169, 181, 185, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nm | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 27, 86, 99, 114, 133, 163, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 32, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IBV | 16, 115, 164, 177, 187, 196, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RNA | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TEM | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 15, 96, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.XRD | 90, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 10, 71, 89, 111, 126, 149, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 24, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 124, 136, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.log | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nm, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ovo | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 7, 28, 104, 112, 144, 147, 150, 153, 157, 161, 173, 176, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 31, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(per | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IBV. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 47, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dose | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drug | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 59, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 46, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leaf | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ovo. | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 194, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.µl) | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IBV) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TEM) | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AgNPs | 58, 94, 100, 138, 190, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Avian | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thus, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.X-ray | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.betle | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drugs | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sizes | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virus | 4, 148, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(XRD), | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5–30 | 87, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AgNPs, | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AgNPs. | 81, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Silver | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UV/vis | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agent. | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.causes | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.copies | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embryo | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genome | 116, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 113, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 121, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silver | 34, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.titer. | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AgNPs) | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(FTIR), | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 36, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.copies. | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extract | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genome, | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhibit | 143, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.losses. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possess | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.poultry | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 73, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entering | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infrared | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nitrate. | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particle | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treating | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objective | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antiviral | 40, 97, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.candidate | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infective | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threatens | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Objective: | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antivirals | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available. | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bronchitis | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infectious | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microscopy | 74, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preventing | 152, 172, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure. | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusion: | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absorption, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffraction | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interaction | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replication | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterize | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noncytotoxic | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission | 72, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(logEID50)/ml | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentration | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles | 35, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biosynthesizes | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristic | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fourier-transform | 67 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5016779284 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 1 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I146367977, https://openalex.org/I91633459 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5899999737739563 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Industry, innovation and infrastructure |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.532975 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |