Simultaneous detection of the size and velocity of the largest ejecta particles with velocities exceeding 1 km^{-1} Article Swipe

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Nakamura, Akiko M. , Nomura Keita , Hasegawa, Sunao ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.07745

Impact ejecta with velocities exceeding the escape velocity of planetary bodies become meteorites and dust particles in interplanetary space. We present a new method that allows simultaneous measurement of the size and velocity of the largest high-velocity ejecta. High-speed camera images revealed the time required for the ejecta to reach the secondary target, and ejecta size was determined after the experiment by analyzing the craters formed upon their impact on the secondary target. We defined the size-velocity relationships of sub-millimeter ejecta with velocities exceeding 1 km^{-1}, focusing on the largest detectable ejecta in our experiments. The results show that millimeter-sized meteoroids impacting the rocky surfaces of planetary bodies at 7 km^{-1} eject particles up to a few tens of micrometers in size toward interplanetary space at velocities exceeding the escape velocity of the body, even when it is greater than 1 km^{-1}.

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Ejecta Impact crater Interplanetary dust cloud Meteoroid Physics Micrometeoroid Hypervelocity Interplanetary spaceflight Meteorite Astrobiology Interplanetary space Interplanetary medium Geology Astrophysics Asteroid Astronomy Solar System Shock (circulatory) Orbiter Ammunition Ecliptic Shock wave

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Type: preprint
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.07745
OA Status: green
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W7105533010

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.07745

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Title: Simultaneous detection of the size and velocity of the largest ejecta particles with velocities exceeding 1 km^{-1}

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Type: preprint

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-11-11

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Authors: Nakamura, Akiko M., Nomura Keita, Hasegawa, Sunao

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.07745

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Concepts: Ejecta, Impact crater, Interplanetary dust cloud, Meteoroid, Physics, Micrometeoroid, Hypervelocity, Interplanetary spaceflight, Meteorite, Astrobiology, Interplanetary space, Interplanetary medium, Geology, Astrophysics, Asteroid, Astronomy, Solar System, Shock (circulatory), Orbiter, Ammunition, Ecliptic, Shock wave

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