Soluble HLA Class I Is Released From Human β-Cells Following Exposure to Interferons Article Swipe
Pouria Akhbari
,
Javier Perez-Hernandez
,
Mark A. Russell
,
Shalinee Dhayal
,
Kaiyven Afi Leslie
,
Shawn A. Hunter
,
Kathryn Murrall
,
Alexia Carré
,
Noel G. Morgan
,
Roberto Mallone
,
Sarah J. Richardson
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827
HLA class I (HLA-I) molecules present intracellular antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells during immune surveillance. In donors with type 1 diabetes, hyperexpression of HLA-I occurs in islets with residual insulin-producing β-cells as a hallmark of the disease. HLA-I hyperexpression is frequently detected beyond the islet boundary, forming a “halo.” We hypothesized that this halo may reflect the diffusion of soluble forms of HLA-I (sHLA-I) from the islets to the surrounding pancreatic parenchyma. To verify this, we assessed the expression of total, cell surface, and sHLA-I in β-cell lines and isolated human islets after treatment with interferon-α (IFN-α) and IFN-γ. Consistent with the expression patterns of HLA-I in situ, the β-cell lines and cultured human islets dramatically upregulated total and surface HLA-I when exposed to IFNs. Concomitantly, sHLA-I release was significantly increased. HLA-I released within extracellular vesicles and cleaved forms of HLA-I did not significantly contribute to the sHLA-I pool. Rather, IFNs upregulated mRNA splice variants lacking the transmembrane domain. Our findings suggest that β-cells respond to IFNs by upregulating cell-associated and soluble forms of HLA-I. Soluble HLA-I may play a role in modulating islet inflammation during the autoimmune attack. Article Highlights Hyperexpression of cell-associated HLA class I (HLA-I) induced by interferons is a hallmark feature of the residual insulin-containing pancreatic islets of people with type 1 diabetes. Soluble forms of HLA-I have also been described and are increased in the blood of individuals with viral infections and autoimmune disease, including type 1 diabetes. We assessed whether β-cells release soluble HLA-I (sHLA-I) in response to interferons. We confirm that human β-cells release significant levels of sHLA-I, demonstrate that this increases after interferon exposure, and define the release mechanism. We propose that sHLA-I may affect the activity of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827
- https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/doi/10.2337/db24-0827/800583/db240827.pdf
- OA Status
- bronze
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 50
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4408300645
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4408300645Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Soluble HLA Class I Is Released From Human β-Cells Following Exposure to InterferonsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Pouria Akhbari, Javier Perez-Hernandez, Mark A. Russell, Shalinee Dhayal, Kaiyven Afi Leslie, Shawn A. Hunter, Kathryn Murrall, Alexia Carré, Noel G. Morgan, Roberto Mallone, Sarah J. RichardsonList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/doi/10.2337/db24-0827/800583/db240827.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
bronzeOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/doi/10.2337/db24-0827/800583/db240827.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Human leukocyte antigen, Islet, Biology, CD8, Downregulation and upregulation, Pancreatic islets, Immunology, Immune system, T cell, Cell biology, Antigen, Endocrinology, Insulin, Gene, GeneticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
50Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4408300645 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40063529 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4408300645 |
| fwci | 6.35848368 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D050417 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Insulin-Secreting Cells |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D050417 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Insulin-Secreting Cells |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D015395 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Histocompatibility Antigens Class I |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D015395 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Histocompatibility Antigens Class I |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D007371 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Interferon-gamma |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D016898 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Interferon-alpha |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D003922 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D002460 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Cell Line |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D002478 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Cells, Cultured |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D050417 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Insulin-Secreting Cells |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D050417 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Insulin-Secreting Cells |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D015395 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Histocompatibility Antigens Class I |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D015395 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Histocompatibility Antigens Class I |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D007371 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Interferon-gamma |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D016898 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Interferon-alpha |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D003922 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D002460 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Cell Line |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D002478 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Cells, Cultured |
| type | article |
| title | Soluble HLA Class I Is Released From Human β-Cells Following Exposure to Interferons |
| biblio.issue | 6 |
| biblio.volume | 74 |
| biblio.last_page | 968 |
| biblio.first_page | 956 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11171 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1311 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Genetics |
| topics[0].display_name | Diabetes and associated disorders |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11020 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9977999925613403 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| topics[1].display_name | Immune Cell Function and Interaction |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10031 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9943000078201294 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| topics[2].display_name | T-cell and B-cell Immunology |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C188280979 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7092010974884033 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911125 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Human leukocyte antigen |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C165220095 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5996781587600708 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207524 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Islet |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.561593770980835 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C167672396 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5428389310836792 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417800 |
| concepts[3].display_name | CD8 |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C127561419 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5384281873703003 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Downregulation and upregulation |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2779855799 |
| concepts[5].level | 4 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5159617066383362 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728309 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Pancreatic islets |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5046154260635376 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C8891405 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.486023485660553 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Immune system |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2776090121 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4143833816051483 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529 |
| concepts[8].display_name | T cell |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C95444343 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3910345733165741 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Cell biology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C147483822 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.37367361783981323 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Antigen |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C134018914 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.18299871683120728 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Endocrinology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2779306644 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.17187276482582092 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Insulin |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.16155558824539185 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.10971459746360779 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Genetics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/human-leukocyte-antigen |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7092010974884033 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Human leukocyte antigen |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/islet |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5996781587600708 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Islet |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.561593770980835 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cd8 |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5428389310836792 |
| keywords[3].display_name | CD8 |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/downregulation-and-upregulation |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5384281873703003 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Downregulation and upregulation |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-islets |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5159617066383362 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Pancreatic islets |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5046154260635376 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system |
| keywords[7].score | 0.486023485660553 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Immune system |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4143833816051483 |
| keywords[8].display_name | T cell |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3910345733165741 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Cell biology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen |
| keywords[10].score | 0.37367361783981323 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Antigen |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.18299871683120728 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Endocrinology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin |
| keywords[12].score | 0.17187276482582092 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Insulin |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene |
| keywords[13].score | 0.16155558824539185 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Gene |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics |
| keywords[14].score | 0.10971459746360779 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Genetics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.2337/db24-0827 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S129060628 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0012-1797, 1939-327X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0012-1797 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Diabetes |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320274 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Diabetes Association |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320274 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Diabetes Association |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/doi/10.2337/db24-0827/800583/db240827.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Diabetes |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40063529 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Diabetes |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40063529 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5052074204 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-9058 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Pouria Akhbari |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Pouria Akhbari |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068231110 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9712-2917 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Javier Perez-Hernandez |
| authorships[1].countries | ES, FR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2802026069 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 3Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I154526488, https://openalex.org/I204730241, https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | 2Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2802026069 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00gjj5n39 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2802026069 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Valencian International University |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02feahw73 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | FR |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I154526488 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/02vjkv261 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I154526488 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].country_code | FR |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].display_name | Inserm |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/051sk4035 |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I154526488, https://openalex.org/I204730241, https://openalex.org/I4210096427, https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].country_code | FR |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].display_name | Institut Cochin |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I204730241 |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/05f82e368 |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204730241 |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].country_code | FR |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].display_name | Université Paris Cité |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Javier Perez-Hernandez |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | 2Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France., 3Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051738138 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-7383 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Mark A. Russell |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Mark A. Russell |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046324428 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Shalinee Dhayal |
| authorships[3].countries | GB |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Shalinee Dhayal |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063488638 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-0942 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Kaiyven Afi Leslie |
| authorships[4].countries | GB |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | K. Afi Leslie |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5063369364 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Shawn A. Hunter |
| authorships[5].countries | GB |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Stephanie L. Hunter |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024155322 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3370-6767 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Kathryn Murrall |
| authorships[6].countries | GB |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Kathryn Murrall |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077733570 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-7194 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Alexia Carré |
| authorships[7].countries | FR |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I154526488, https://openalex.org/I204730241, https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 2Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France. |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02feahw73 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | FR |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I154526488 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02vjkv261 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I154526488 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | FR |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | Inserm |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/051sk4035 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I154526488, https://openalex.org/I204730241, https://openalex.org/I4210096427, https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].country_code | FR |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].display_name | Institut Cochin |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I204730241 |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/05f82e368 |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204730241 |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].country_code | FR |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].display_name | Université Paris Cité |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Alexia Carré |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | 2Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France. |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035490035 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-8113 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Noel G. Morgan |
| authorships[8].countries | GB |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Noel G. Morgan |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051848877 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-8861 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Roberto Mallone |
| authorships[9].countries | FR, US |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2802732410 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 5Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I154526488, https://openalex.org/I204730241, https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | 2Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France. |
| authorships[9].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210092774, https://openalex.org/I4210097159 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | 4Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France. |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210097159 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00pg5jh14 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097159 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | FR |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02feahw73 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].type | government |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].country_code | FR |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].display_name | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique |
| authorships[9].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210092774 |
| authorships[9].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00ph8tk69 |
| authorships[9].institutions[2].type | healthcare |
| authorships[9].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210092774, https://openalex.org/I4210097159, https://openalex.org/I4210124464 |
| authorships[9].institutions[2].country_code | FR |
| authorships[9].institutions[2].display_name | Hôpital Cochin |
| authorships[9].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I154526488 |
| authorships[9].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/02vjkv261 |
| authorships[9].institutions[3].type | government |
| authorships[9].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I154526488 |
| authorships[9].institutions[3].country_code | FR |
| authorships[9].institutions[3].display_name | Inserm |
| authorships[9].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[9].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/051sk4035 |
| authorships[9].institutions[4].type | facility |
| authorships[9].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I1294671590, https://openalex.org/I154526488, https://openalex.org/I204730241, https://openalex.org/I4210096427, https://openalex.org/I4210141964 |
| authorships[9].institutions[4].country_code | FR |
| authorships[9].institutions[4].display_name | Institut Cochin |
| authorships[9].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I204730241 |
| authorships[9].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/05f82e368 |
| authorships[9].institutions[5].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204730241 |
| authorships[9].institutions[5].country_code | FR |
| authorships[9].institutions[5].display_name | Université Paris Cité |
| authorships[9].institutions[6].id | https://openalex.org/I2802732410 |
| authorships[9].institutions[6].ror | https://ror.org/04d52p729 |
| authorships[9].institutions[6].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[9].institutions[6].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2802732410 |
| authorships[9].institutions[6].country_code | US |
| authorships[9].institutions[6].display_name | Indiana Biosciences Research Institute |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Roberto Mallone |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | 2Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France., 4Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France., 5Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA. |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058034008 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-6062 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Sarah J. Richardson |
| authorships[10].countries | GB |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03yghzc09 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I23923803 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | University of Exeter |
| authorships[10].author_position | last |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Sarah J. Richardson |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | 1Islet Biology Exeter (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/doi/10.2337/db24-0827/800583/db240827.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | bronze |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Soluble HLA Class I Is Released From Human β-Cells Following Exposure to Interferons |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-25T14:43:58.451035 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11171 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1311 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Genetics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Diabetes and associated disorders |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3117743803, https://openalex.org/W4397046645, https://openalex.org/W2066399525, https://openalex.org/W3214797375, https://openalex.org/W2592007767, https://openalex.org/W582905479, https://openalex.org/W4293265234, https://openalex.org/W1925269365, https://openalex.org/W2000607179, https://openalex.org/W2740963940 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.2337/db24-0827 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S129060628 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0012-1797, 1939-327X |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0012-1797 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Diabetes |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320274 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Diabetes Association |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320274 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Diabetes Association |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/doi/10.2337/db24-0827/800583/db240827.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Diabetes |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.2337/db24-0827 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S129060628 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0012-1797, 1939-327X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0012-1797 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Diabetes |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320274 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Diabetes Association |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320274 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Diabetes Association |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://diabetesjournals.org/diabetes/article-pdf/doi/10.2337/db24-0827/800583/db240827.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Diabetes |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-0827 |
| publication_date | 2025-03-10 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4384925274, https://openalex.org/W4296162804, https://openalex.org/W2179026698, https://openalex.org/W2068387198, https://openalex.org/W2125415795, https://openalex.org/W2126981851, https://openalex.org/W2127354797, https://openalex.org/W2990466613, https://openalex.org/W4323531859, https://openalex.org/W4382200058, https://openalex.org/W3086661362, https://openalex.org/W2460768354, https://openalex.org/W2892862525, https://openalex.org/W3028068117, https://openalex.org/W2101245135, https://openalex.org/W2885248212, https://openalex.org/W2332910275, https://openalex.org/W2003479771, https://openalex.org/W2513957711, https://openalex.org/W2012585856, https://openalex.org/W2405669135, https://openalex.org/W2067977474, https://openalex.org/W1992389660, https://openalex.org/W2000458273, https://openalex.org/W2084535173, https://openalex.org/W2103227209, https://openalex.org/W1996002119, https://openalex.org/W1804501722, https://openalex.org/W1970410047, https://openalex.org/W2080743139, https://openalex.org/W2137163606, https://openalex.org/W2055492712, https://openalex.org/W2785684315, https://openalex.org/W2971856765, https://openalex.org/W2069928365, https://openalex.org/W2337424017, https://openalex.org/W2050995545, https://openalex.org/W2284464024, https://openalex.org/W2105878567, https://openalex.org/W2004967915, https://openalex.org/W2570554925, https://openalex.org/W4406507456, https://openalex.org/W1987046943, https://openalex.org/W1969164988, https://openalex.org/W1979273031, https://openalex.org/W2005673485, https://openalex.org/W2015739281, https://openalex.org/W2162338401, https://openalex.org/W2160123341, https://openalex.org/W2066592806 |
| referenced_works_count | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 20, 216, 242, 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.I | 2, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.T | 11, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 33, 48, 180, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 50, 244, 256, 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 168, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 26, 86, 107, 182, 229, 252, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 40, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 23, 35, 59, 62, 80, 105, 140, 174, 193, 206, 212, 220, 232, 264, 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 9, 68, 124, 146, 166, 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HLA | 0, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 84, 89, 98, 112, 119, 137, 171, 226, 237, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 55, 178, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 36, 44, 57, 66, 69, 78, 102, 109, 147, 157, 187, 207, 230, 275, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CD8+ | 10, 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IFNs | 151, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.halo | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mRNA | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.play | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 52, 163, 258, 267, 280 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 53, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type | 19, 215, 241, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 18, 28, 95, 101, 214, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HLA-I | 24, 38, 63, 106, 121, 132, 141, 177, 221, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IFNs. | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 93, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blood | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 12, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.class | 1, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forms | 61, 139, 173, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 91, 114, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.islet | 45, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lines | 88, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pool. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situ, | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viral | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HLA-I. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affect | 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beyond | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.define | 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.donors | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 13, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.islets | 27, 67, 92, 115, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurs | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.people | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sHLA-I | 85, 127, 148, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.splice | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verify | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HLA-I) | 3, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Article | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IFN-γ. | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Rather, | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Soluble | 176, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attack. | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cleaved | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirm | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domain. | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposed | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feature | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forming | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.induced | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lacking | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflect | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.release | 128, 248, 261, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respond | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sHLA-I, | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soluble | 60, 172, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.β-cell | 87, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IFN-α) | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(sHLA-I) | 64, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 77, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultured | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detected | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease, | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease. | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hallmark | 34, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.isolated | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peptides | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.released | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residual | 29, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface, | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variants | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vesicles | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.β-cells | 31, 164, 247, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigenic | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.boundary, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.described | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diabetes, | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diabetes. | 217, 243, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffusion | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure, | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecules | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Consistent | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Highlights | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autoimmune | 188, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribute | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression | 79, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequently | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased. | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infections | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interferon | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism. | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulating | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pancreatic | 71, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individuals | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interferons | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parenchyma. | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surrounding | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upregulated | 117, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“halo.” | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dramatically | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypothesized | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infiltrating | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammation | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interferons. | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upregulating | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracellular | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interferon-α | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intracellular | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 130, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surveillance. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmembrane | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Concomitantly, | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hyperexpression | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell-associated | 170, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hyperexpression | 22, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insulin-producing | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insulin-containing | 209 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 4 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 11 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.86892103 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |