Somalia-India Economic and Trade Relations (1989-2023) Article Swipe

PDF

Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi , Sadak Mohamud Hassan ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891

Background: This article investigates the economic and trade relationship between India and Somalia from 1989 to 2023, focusing on primary economic indicators, bilateral trade flows, and the underlying dynamics. The study aims to uncover key trends, identify challenges, and highlight the potential of this partnership, especially given India’s growing influence as a strategic trade partner. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical research approach was adopted, relying on secondary data obtained from credible international databases, including the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI), World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), and the International Trade Centre (Trade Map). Key indicators analyzed include GDP, trade volume, import-export statistics, and product classifications, covering the period from 1989 to 2023. Objective: The research aims to explore Somalia's GDP growth, trade volume, and bilateral trade with India, emphasizing the country's reliance on basic commodities for imports and India's growing demand for raw materials. Special attention is given to Somalia’s limited export portfolio and the implications of a persistent trade imbalance. Findings: The study finds that bilateral trade between Somalia and India has increased substantially, reaching a total of $808.54 million in 2023. India emerged as Somalia’s third-largest import partner, accounting for $779.47 million in imports. In contrast, Somalia’s exports to India remain modest at $29.07 million, consisting largely of raw materials such as scrap copper, iron, aluminium, insect resins, oil seeds, and agricultural products. This imbalance reflects Somalia's dependency on imports and its underdeveloped export sector. Recommendations: To improve trade relations and reduce the deficit, Somalia should prioritize diversifying its export base by investing in manufacturing, agriculture, and fisheries. Enhancing domestic value addition, upgrading trade infrastructure, and establishing export promotion agencies would strengthen trade competitiveness and lead to long-term economic benefits.

Related Topics

Economics

International Trade

Concepts

Economics International trade Development economics Political science

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
PDF: https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ajhg/article/download/2891/3507
OA Status: diamond
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4409565993

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4409565993

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Somalia-India Economic and Trade Relations (1989-2023)

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2025

Year of publication
Publication date: 2025-04-18

Full publication date if available
Authors: Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, Sadak Mohamud Hassan

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ajhg/article/download/2891/3507

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: diamond

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ajhg/article/download/2891/3507

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Economics, International trade, Development economics, Political science

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 0

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4409565993
doi	https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4409565993
fwci	0.0
type	article
title	Somalia-India Economic and Trade Relations (1989-2023)
biblio.issue	1
biblio.volume	4
biblio.last_page	138
biblio.first_page	123
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T13634
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/33
topics[0].field.display_name	Social Sciences
topics[0].score	0.9151999950408936
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/2
topics[0].domain.display_name	Social Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/3312
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Sociology and Political Science
topics[0].display_name	Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T12550
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/33
topics[1].field.display_name	Social Sciences
topics[1].score	0.906499981880188
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/2
topics[1].domain.display_name	Social Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/3320
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Political Science and International Relations
topics[1].display_name	Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C162324750
concepts[0].level	0
concepts[0].score	0.44299086928367615
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134
concepts[0].display_name	Economics
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C155202549
concepts[1].level	1
concepts[1].score	0.36766839027404785
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803
concepts[1].display_name	International trade
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C47768531
concepts[2].level	1
concepts[2].score	0.3558083176612854
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188
concepts[2].display_name	Development economics
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C17744445
concepts[3].level	0
concepts[3].score	0.32927650213241577
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442
concepts[3].display_name	Political science
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/economics
keywords[0].score	0.44299086928367615
keywords[0].display_name	Economics
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade
keywords[1].score	0.36766839027404785
keywords[1].display_name	International trade
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/development-economics
keywords[2].score	0.3558083176612854
keywords[2].display_name	Development economics
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science
keywords[3].score	0.32927650213241577
keywords[3].display_name	Political science
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4387278885
locations[0].source.issn	2790-7589, 2790-7597
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	2790-7589
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	African Journal of History and Geography
locations[0].source.host_organization
locations[0].source.host_organization_name
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ajhg/article/download/2891/3507
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	African Journal of History and Geography
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
indexed_in	crossref
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101537773
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-9730
authorships[0].author.display_name	Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Abdirahman Kasim Mohamed Abdullahi
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5018494533
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-6575
authorships[1].author.display_name	Sadak Mohamud Hassan
authorships[1].author_position	last
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Sadak Mohamud Hassan
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ajhg/article/download/2891/3507
open_access.oa_status	diamond
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Somalia-India Economic and Trade Relations (1989-2023)
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T13634
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/33
primary_topic.field.display_name	Social Sciences
primary_topic.score	0.9151999950408936
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/2
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Social Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/3312
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Sociology and Political Science
primary_topic.display_name	Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2899084033, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W1502198272, https://openalex.org/W2017540542, https://openalex.org/W2006758266, https://openalex.org/W2066504725, https://openalex.org/W1527813328, https://openalex.org/W2073254488, https://openalex.org/W2104764082
cited_by_count	0
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4387278885
best_oa_location.source.issn	2790-7589, 2790-7597
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	2790-7589
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	African Journal of History and Geography
best_oa_location.source.host_organization
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ajhg/article/download/2891/3507
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	African Journal of History and Geography
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
primary_location.id	doi:10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4387278885
primary_location.source.issn	2790-7589, 2790-7597
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	2790-7589
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	African Journal of History and Geography
primary_location.source.host_organization
primary_location.source.host_organization_name
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://journals.eanso.org/index.php/ajhg/article/download/2891/3507
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	African Journal of History and Geography
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.37284/ajhg.4.1.2891
publication_date	2025-04-18
publication_year	2025
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.A	56
abstract_inverted_index.a	51, 157, 176
abstract_inverted_index.In	196
abstract_inverted_index.To	238
abstract_inverted_index.as	50, 185, 213
abstract_inverted_index.at	204
abstract_inverted_index.by	253
abstract_inverted_index.in	181, 194, 255
abstract_inverted_index.is	146
abstract_inverted_index.of	42, 156, 178, 209
abstract_inverted_index.on	18, 65, 132, 230
abstract_inverted_index.to	15, 32, 110, 116, 148, 200, 278
abstract_inverted_index.GDP	119
abstract_inverted_index.Key	93
abstract_inverted_index.The	29, 113, 162
abstract_inverted_index.and	6, 11, 25, 38, 58, 86, 102, 123, 137, 153, 170, 222, 232, 242, 258, 267, 276
abstract_inverted_index.for	135, 141, 191
abstract_inverted_index.has	172
abstract_inverted_index.its	233, 250
abstract_inverted_index.key	34
abstract_inverted_index.oil	220
abstract_inverted_index.raw	142, 210
abstract_inverted_index.the	4, 26, 40, 74, 87, 106, 129, 154, 244
abstract_inverted_index.was	62
abstract_inverted_index.1989	14, 109
abstract_inverted_index.GDP,	97
abstract_inverted_index.This	1, 225
abstract_inverted_index.aims	31, 115
abstract_inverted_index.base	252
abstract_inverted_index.data	67
abstract_inverted_index.from	13, 69, 108
abstract_inverted_index.lead	277
abstract_inverted_index.such	212
abstract_inverted_index.that	165
abstract_inverted_index.this	43
abstract_inverted_index.with	126
abstract_inverted_index.2023,	16
abstract_inverted_index.2023.	111, 182
abstract_inverted_index.India	10, 171, 183, 201
abstract_inverted_index.Map).	92
abstract_inverted_index.Trade	83, 89
abstract_inverted_index.World	75, 77, 81
abstract_inverted_index.basic	133
abstract_inverted_index.finds	164
abstract_inverted_index.given	46, 147
abstract_inverted_index.iron,	216
abstract_inverted_index.scrap	214
abstract_inverted_index.study	30, 163
abstract_inverted_index.total	177
abstract_inverted_index.trade	7, 23, 53, 98, 121, 125, 159, 167, 240, 265, 274
abstract_inverted_index.value	262
abstract_inverted_index.would	272
abstract_inverted_index.$29.07	205
abstract_inverted_index.(Trade	91
abstract_inverted_index.(WDI),	80
abstract_inverted_index.Centre	90
abstract_inverted_index.India,	127
abstract_inverted_index.demand	140
abstract_inverted_index.export	151, 235, 251, 269
abstract_inverted_index.flows,	24
abstract_inverted_index.import	188
abstract_inverted_index.insect	218
abstract_inverted_index.modest	203
abstract_inverted_index.period	107
abstract_inverted_index.reduce	243
abstract_inverted_index.remain	202
abstract_inverted_index.seeds,	221
abstract_inverted_index.should	247
abstract_inverted_index.$779.47	192
abstract_inverted_index.$808.54	179
abstract_inverted_index.(WITS),	85
abstract_inverted_index.India's	138
abstract_inverted_index.Somalia	12, 169, 246
abstract_inverted_index.Special	144
abstract_inverted_index.article	2
abstract_inverted_index.between	9, 168
abstract_inverted_index.copper,	215
abstract_inverted_index.emerged	184
abstract_inverted_index.explore	117
abstract_inverted_index.exports	199
abstract_inverted_index.growing	48, 139
abstract_inverted_index.growth,	120
abstract_inverted_index.imports	136, 231
abstract_inverted_index.improve	239
abstract_inverted_index.include	96
abstract_inverted_index.largely	208
abstract_inverted_index.limited	150
abstract_inverted_index.million	180, 193
abstract_inverted_index.primary	19
abstract_inverted_index.product	103
abstract_inverted_index.relying	64
abstract_inverted_index.resins,	219
abstract_inverted_index.sector.	236
abstract_inverted_index.trends,	35
abstract_inverted_index.uncover	33
abstract_inverted_index.volume,	99, 122
abstract_inverted_index.Bank’s	76
abstract_inverted_index.Solution	84
abstract_inverted_index.adopted,	63
abstract_inverted_index.agencies	271
abstract_inverted_index.analyzed	95
abstract_inverted_index.approach	61
abstract_inverted_index.covering	105
abstract_inverted_index.credible	70
abstract_inverted_index.deficit,	245
abstract_inverted_index.domestic	261
abstract_inverted_index.economic	5, 20, 280
abstract_inverted_index.focusing	17
abstract_inverted_index.identify	36
abstract_inverted_index.imports.	195
abstract_inverted_index.million,	206
abstract_inverted_index.obtained	68
abstract_inverted_index.partner,	189
abstract_inverted_index.partner.	54
abstract_inverted_index.reaching	175
abstract_inverted_index.reflects	227
abstract_inverted_index.reliance	131
abstract_inverted_index.research	60, 114
abstract_inverted_index.Enhancing	260
abstract_inverted_index.Findings:	161
abstract_inverted_index.India’s	47
abstract_inverted_index.Somalia's	118, 228
abstract_inverted_index.addition,	263
abstract_inverted_index.attention	145
abstract_inverted_index.benefits.	281
abstract_inverted_index.bilateral	22, 124, 166
abstract_inverted_index.contrast,	197
abstract_inverted_index.country's	130
abstract_inverted_index.dynamics.	28
abstract_inverted_index.highlight	39
abstract_inverted_index.imbalance	226
abstract_inverted_index.including	73
abstract_inverted_index.increased	173
abstract_inverted_index.influence	49
abstract_inverted_index.investing	254
abstract_inverted_index.long-term	279
abstract_inverted_index.materials	211
abstract_inverted_index.portfolio	152
abstract_inverted_index.potential	41
abstract_inverted_index.products.	224
abstract_inverted_index.promotion	270
abstract_inverted_index.relations	241
abstract_inverted_index.secondary	66
abstract_inverted_index.strategic	52
abstract_inverted_index.upgrading	264
abstract_inverted_index.Indicators	79
abstract_inverted_index.Integrated	82
abstract_inverted_index.Objective:	112
abstract_inverted_index.accounting	190
abstract_inverted_index.aluminium,	217
abstract_inverted_index.analytical	59
abstract_inverted_index.consisting	207
abstract_inverted_index.databases,	72
abstract_inverted_index.dependency	229
abstract_inverted_index.especially	45
abstract_inverted_index.fisheries.	259
abstract_inverted_index.imbalance.	160
abstract_inverted_index.indicators	94
abstract_inverted_index.materials.	143
abstract_inverted_index.persistent	158
abstract_inverted_index.prioritize	248
abstract_inverted_index.strengthen	273
abstract_inverted_index.underlying	27
abstract_inverted_index.Background:	0
abstract_inverted_index.Development	78
abstract_inverted_index.Somalia’s	149, 186, 198
abstract_inverted_index.challenges,	37
abstract_inverted_index.commodities	134
abstract_inverted_index.descriptive	57
abstract_inverted_index.emphasizing	128
abstract_inverted_index.indicators,	21
abstract_inverted_index.statistics,	101
abstract_inverted_index.Methodology:	55
abstract_inverted_index.agricultural	223
abstract_inverted_index.agriculture,	257
abstract_inverted_index.diversifying	249
abstract_inverted_index.establishing	268
abstract_inverted_index.implications	155
abstract_inverted_index.investigates	3
abstract_inverted_index.partnership,	44
abstract_inverted_index.relationship	8
abstract_inverted_index.International	88
abstract_inverted_index.import-export	100
abstract_inverted_index.international	71
abstract_inverted_index.third-largest	187
abstract_inverted_index.manufacturing,	256
abstract_inverted_index.substantially,	174
abstract_inverted_index.underdeveloped	234
abstract_inverted_index.competitiveness	275
abstract_inverted_index.infrastructure,	266
abstract_inverted_index.Recommendations:	237
abstract_inverted_index.classifications,	104
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	2
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.16632408
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True