Spatial and temporal scale-dependent feedbacks govern dynamics of biocrusts in drylands Article Swipe
Jingyao Sun
,
Kailiang Yu
,
Max Rietkerk
,
Ning Chen
,
Hongxia Zhang
,
Guang Song
,
Xinrong Li
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.10.658851
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.10.658851
Biota could be ecosystem engineers in generating an intrinsic heterogeneous landscape through scale-dependent feedbacks. Thereby, they can form resource enriched patchiness or islands of fertility, comprising of self-organizing spatial patterns. Research so far has largely focused on the self-organized spatial patterns of plant communities in drylands. It, however, remains unclear whether and how biocrusts having distinct morphology and life history from plant communities could self-organize themselves and form unique spatial patterns. Here we conducted field observations of biocrusts across successional stages and employed a probabilistic Cellular Automaton (CA) model to investigate the distinct self-organized spatial patterns exhibited by mosaic patches of mosses and lichens with different patch size distributions (PSDs). Our study demonstrates that short-range positive feedbacks initially promote the development of patches, featured with a heavy-tailed PSD, while long-range negative feedbacks subsequently curtail further expansion of big patches, thereby establishing a characteristic patch scale with regular PSDs. Strikingly, only lichens reverted back to the heavy-tailed PSD in the late succession stage, presumably implying self-organized critical fragmentation of lichen patches. Field measurements of biocrust performance at the center and edge of patches of varying sizes along succession stages further support the classic scale-dependent feedback mechanism for Turing pattern formation. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrate the capability of the biocrust communities to self-organize themselves to form distinct spatial patterns governed by the spatial and temporal scale-dependent feedbacks, potentially impacting dryland ecosystem functions and resilience. Significance Statement An intriguing phenomenon is the capability of biota to form striking self-organized spatial patterns. Biocrusts serve as the soil’s skin and have different morphology and life history as compared to plant communities. We investigated these distinct self-organized spatial patterns exhibited by mosaic patches of mosses and lichens across succession stages through field surveys and a probabilistic Cellular Automaton (CA) model. Our results provide empirical evidence that biocrusts act as ecosystem engineers, forming self-organized spatial patterns. Simulations and field measurements of biocrust performance elucidate the mechanism of spatial and temporal scale-dependent feedbacks in governing biocrust spatial pattern formation. This self-organizing ability of biocrusts holds significant implications for ecosystem functions and the resilience of dryland ecosystems.
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- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.10.658851
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/06/13/2025.06.10.658851.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 53
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4411276158
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Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4411276158Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.10.658851Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Spatial and temporal scale-dependent feedbacks govern dynamics of biocrusts in drylandsWork title
- Type
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preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-06-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Jingyao Sun, Kailiang Yu, Max Rietkerk, Ning Chen, Hongxia Zhang, Guang Song, Xinrong LiList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.06.10.658851Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/06/13/2025.06.10.658851.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/06/13/2025.06.10.658851.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
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Scale (ratio), Dynamics (music), Environmental science, Temporal scales, Spatial ecology, Remote sensing, Earth science, Geography, Environmental resource management, Geology, Ecology, Physics, Cartography, Biology, AcousticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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1Total citation count in OpenAlex
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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