Spatial networks of China's specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative medical device firms based on parent–subsidiary contacts: implications for regional health policy Article Swipe
Feng Hu
,
Huijie Yang
,
Shaobin Wei
,
Hao Hu
,
Yufeng Chen
,
Haiyan Zhou
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189
This study examines the spatial structure and determinants of China's specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative (SRDI) medical device industry through parent–subsidiary linkages. By combining social network analysis and geographical detectors, we analyze nationwide firm-level data from Qixinbao to explore network connectivity, centrality, and their socioeconomic drivers. The results show that (1) the overall network connectivity among Chinese cities is weak, with clear east–west disparities and Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Shenzhen functioning as core hubs; (2) four distinct network subgroups exist, each assuming different roles in information and resource diffusion; and (3) factors such as economic base, degree of openness, and technological innovation are strongly associated with variations in network centrality across cities. These findings highlight the uneven spatial organization of China's SRDI medical device industry and underline the importance of strengthening interregional linkages, supporting innovation ecosystems, and improving talent and trade openness in less-developed regions. The study contributes to the literature by combining network analysis with spatial heterogeneity detection, offering empirical evidence for more balanced regional health industry development.
Related Topics
Concepts
Centrality
Business
Openness to experience
Social network analysis
Network analysis
Medical device
Socioeconomic status
Industrial organization
Social network (sociolinguistics)
Regional science
Network structure
Panel data
Resource (disambiguation)
Economic geography
Health technology
Embeddedness
Spatial network
Social determinants of health
Knowledge management
Marketing
Empirical evidence
Empirical research
Spatial analysis
Geographical distance
Structural holes
Core (optical fiber)
Health care
Collaborative network
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189
- https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189/pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 46
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W7106668838
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W7106668838Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Spatial networks of China's specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative medical device firms based on parent–subsidiary contacts: implications for regional health policyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-11-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Feng Hu, Huijie Yang, Shaobin Wei, Hao Hu, Yufeng Chen, Haiyan ZhouList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189/pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189/pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Centrality, Business, Openness to experience, Social network analysis, Network analysis, Medical device, Socioeconomic status, Industrial organization, Social network (sociolinguistics), Regional science, Network structure, Panel data, Resource (disambiguation), Economic geography, Health technology, Embeddedness, Spatial network, Social determinants of health, Knowledge management, Marketing, Empirical evidence, Empirical research, Spatial analysis, Geographical distance, Structural holes, Core (optical fiber), Health care, Collaborative networkTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
46Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W7106668838 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W7106668838 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Spatial networks of China's specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative medical device firms based on parent–subsidiary contacts: implications for regional health policy |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2490 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2490 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C53811970 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8109701871871948 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Centrality |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6176190972328186 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Business |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C84976871 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6038073897361755 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Openness to experience |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C114713312 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5885137915611267 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Social network analysis |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C32946077 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.47721707820892334 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Network analysis |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C3020535179 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4595426023006439 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554101 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Medical device |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C147077947 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4542846381664276 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Socioeconomic status |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C40700 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4269466996192932 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Industrial organization |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C4727928 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4239068627357483 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Social network (sociolinguistics) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C148383697 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.418391615152359 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Regional science |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C2988224531 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3822278082370758 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20830730 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Network structure |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C6422946 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.36284056305885315 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Panel data |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C206345919 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.36277759075164795 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Resource (disambiguation) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C26271046 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.35998380184173584 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Economic geography |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C21333345 |
| concepts[14].level | 3 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.3537082076072693 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519843 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Health technology |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C63063934 |
| concepts[15].level | 2 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.34533846378326416 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079747 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Embeddedness |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C53471067 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.31384146213531494 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574076 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Spatial network |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C78491826 |
| concepts[17].level | 3 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.3004642128944397 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Social determinants of health |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C56739046 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.29013508558273315 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Knowledge management |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C162853370 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.2901197075843811 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Marketing |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C166052673 |
| concepts[20].level | 2 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.28708264231681824 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Empirical evidence |
| concepts[21].id | https://openalex.org/C120936955 |
| concepts[21].level | 2 |
| concepts[21].score | 0.286873459815979 |
| concepts[21].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640 |
| concepts[21].display_name | Empirical research |
| concepts[22].id | https://openalex.org/C159620131 |
| concepts[22].level | 2 |
| concepts[22].score | 0.2817515730857849 |
| concepts[22].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983 |
| concepts[22].display_name | Spatial analysis |
| concepts[23].id | https://openalex.org/C79876807 |
| concepts[23].level | 3 |
| concepts[23].score | 0.27915632724761963 |
| concepts[23].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030660 |
| concepts[23].display_name | Geographical distance |
| concepts[24].id | https://openalex.org/C2778727218 |
| concepts[24].level | 3 |
| concepts[24].score | 0.2726122736930847 |
| concepts[24].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22909122 |
| concepts[24].display_name | Structural holes |
| concepts[25].id | https://openalex.org/C2164484 |
| concepts[25].level | 2 |
| concepts[25].score | 0.2635154128074646 |
| concepts[25].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150 |
| concepts[25].display_name | Core (optical fiber) |
| concepts[26].id | https://openalex.org/C160735492 |
| concepts[26].level | 2 |
| concepts[26].score | 0.262487530708313 |
| concepts[26].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207 |
| concepts[26].display_name | Health care |
| concepts[27].id | https://openalex.org/C2779606945 |
| concepts[27].level | 2 |
| concepts[27].score | 0.25267496705055237 |
| concepts[27].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5145847 |
| concepts[27].display_name | Collaborative network |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8109701871871948 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Centrality |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6038073897361755 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Openness to experience |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5885137915611267 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Social network analysis |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis |
| keywords[3].score | 0.47721707820892334 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Network analysis |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-device |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4595426023006439 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Medical device |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4542846381664276 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Socioeconomic status |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4239068627357483 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Social network (sociolinguistics) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/network-structure |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3822278082370758 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Network structure |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-data |
| keywords[8].score | 0.36284056305885315 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Panel data |
| language | |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2595931848 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2296-2565 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2296-2565 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189/pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A1967984126 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6325-8330 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Feng Hu |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I905225518 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of International Business & Economics Innovation and Governance, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I75059550 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Inamori Business School, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I75059550 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/0569mkk41 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I75059550 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Zhejiang Gongshang University |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I905225518 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/031t68441 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I905225518 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Shanghai University of International Business and Economics |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Feng Hu |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of International Business & Economics Innovation and Governance, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China, Inamori Business School, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2114443941 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5899-1693 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Huijie Yang |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I905225518 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | International Business School, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I905225518 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/031t68441 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I905225518 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Shanghai University of International Business and Economics |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Huijie Yang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | International Business School, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2421710450 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7464-4683 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Shaobin Wei |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210149618 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute of Digital Economy and Financial Powerhouse Building, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149618 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/04grzdh47 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149618 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Guangdong University of Finance |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Shaobin Wei |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Institute of Digital Economy and Financial Powerhouse Building, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2090740385 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-828X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Hao Hu |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I113940042 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I113940042 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/006teas31 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I113940042 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Shanghai University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Hao Hu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Economics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2097442149 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-3211 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Yufeng Chen |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I135237710 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I135237710 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/01vevwk45 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I135237710 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Zhejiang Normal University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Yufeng Chen |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A2096633300 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5732-8945 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Haiyan Zhou |
| authorships[5].countries | PH |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I3131059265 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Graduate School, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan, Philippines |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I3131059265 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/https://ror.org/056vtz595 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I3131059265 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | PH |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Haiyan Zhou |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Graduate School, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan, Philippines |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189/pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-11-27T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Spatial networks of China's specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative medical device firms based on parent–subsidiary contacts: implications for regional health policy |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-28T02:08:47.144824 |
| primary_topic | |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2595931848 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2296-2565 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2296-2565 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189/pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2595931848 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2296-2565 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2296-2565 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Frontiers Media |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320527 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189/pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1676189 |
| publication_date | 2025-11-26 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2948602871, https://openalex.org/W2330070402, https://openalex.org/W3088854901, https://openalex.org/W1974734997, https://openalex.org/W1967084136, https://openalex.org/W2004734522, https://openalex.org/W2053980663, https://openalex.org/W618379847, https://openalex.org/W1485994686, https://openalex.org/W4230283391, https://openalex.org/W632502686, https://openalex.org/W2164663580, https://openalex.org/W2002579677, https://openalex.org/W1488377997, https://openalex.org/W2771277899, https://openalex.org/W2969199917, https://openalex.org/W4220885882, https://openalex.org/W3106106826, https://openalex.org/W1625370729, https://openalex.org/W2297937217, https://openalex.org/W2436124999, https://openalex.org/W2745818054, https://openalex.org/W2902755267, https://openalex.org/W2057919032, https://openalex.org/W1983400187, https://openalex.org/W1963639010, https://openalex.org/W3008421357, https://openalex.org/W2083887137, https://openalex.org/W4313399258, https://openalex.org/W2555606634, https://openalex.org/W2758859316, https://openalex.org/W1998540003, https://openalex.org/W2801940918, https://openalex.org/W4293232152, https://openalex.org/W4225146131, https://openalex.org/W2912227061, https://openalex.org/W2947253263, https://openalex.org/W3024110832, https://openalex.org/W2561674923, https://openalex.org/W2154186360, https://openalex.org/W1975860174, https://openalex.org/W2001924715, https://openalex.org/W2321343721, https://openalex.org/W2037957147, https://openalex.org/W4408462726, https://openalex.org/W4410155978 |
| referenced_works_count | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 71, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 84, 107, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 8, 97, 119, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 37, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1) | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2) | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3) | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 46, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 6, 13, 27, 42, 64, 68, 86, 89, 99, 125, 136, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 51, 115, 127, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SRDI | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.core | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 60, 105, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.base, | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clear | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hubs; | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roles | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 1, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trade | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weak, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SRDI) | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cities | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.degree | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.device | 17, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exist, | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.social | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.talent | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uneven | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.China's | 9, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Chinese | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyze | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cities. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explore | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medical | 16, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 25, 39, 53, 77, 108, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial | 4, 117, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Beijing, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Qixinbao | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Shenzhen | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 26, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assuming | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balanced | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinct | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drivers. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry | 18, 124, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.openness | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.refined, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regional | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regions. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resource | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strongly | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Shanghai, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combining | 23, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.empirical | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlight | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improving | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linkages, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linkages. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.openness, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subgroups | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underline | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Guangzhou, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.centrality | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection, | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detectors, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffusion; | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.firm-level | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovation | 101, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovative | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nationwide | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supporting | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.centrality, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contributes | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disparities | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.east–west | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecosystems, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functioning | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connectivity | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determinants | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development. | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinctive, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geographical | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organization | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specialized, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.connectivity, | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneity | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interregional | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.socioeconomic | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strengthening | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technological | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less-developed | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parent–subsidiary | 20 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |