SpyMask Enables Combinatorial Assembly of Bispecific Binders Article Swipe
C. Driscoll
,
Anthony H. Keeble
,
Mark Howarth
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700
Bispecific antibodies are a successful and expanding therapeutic class, bridging two cell-types or engaging two different molecules on the same cell. Bispecifics unlock avenues towards synergy, resistance evasion, and signaling bias. Standard approaches to generate bispecifics are complicated by the need for disulfide reduction/oxidation or cloning of each binder molecule in two different formats. Here we present a modular approach to bispecifics using SpyTag/SpyCatcher spontaneous amidation, where all binders are cloned in the same format, bearing a SpyTag. Two SpyTag-fused antigen-binding modules can be precisely conjugated onto DoubleCatcher, a tandem SpyCatcher where the second Catcher is unreactive until unveiling of reactivity using site-specific protease. Assembly on DoubleCatcher is efficient in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C, with half-times less than 5 min for both SpyCatcher arms and over 97% bispecific homogeneity. We engineer a panel of DoubleCatchers, locked through disulfide bonds to direct binders to project in different directions from the hub. We establish a generalized methodology for one-pot assembly and purification of bispecifics in 96-well plate format. A panel of Fab, affibody or nanobody binders recognizing different sites on HER2 were coupled to DoubleCatcher, revealing unexpected combinations with anti-proliferative or pro-proliferative activity on HER2-addicted cancer cells. Bispecific activity depended sensitively on both the order of the binders within the assembly and the geometry of DoubleCatcher scaffolds. These findings support the need for straightforward assembly in different formats. SpyMask provides a simple and scalable tool to discover synergy in bispecific activity, through modulating receptor organization and geometry.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700
- https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/03/2023.08.31.555700.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 83
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4386399661
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4386399661Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
SpyMask Enables Combinatorial Assembly of Bispecific BindersWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-09-03Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
C. Driscoll, Anthony H. Keeble, Mark HowarthList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/03/2023.08.31.555700.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/03/2023.08.31.555700.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Bispecific antibody, Computer science, Medicine, Immunology, Antibody, Monoclonal antibodyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
83Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4386399661 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.106241 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4386399661 |
| fwci | 0.30905497 |
| type | preprint |
| title | SpyMask Enables Combinatorial Assembly of Bispecific Binders |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G7112869581 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334629 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | BB/S007369/1 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G114872908 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334629 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | BB/R000344/1 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11016 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| topics[0].display_name | Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13326 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9994000196456909 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].display_name | Biochemical and Structural Characterization |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10602 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9970999956130981 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].display_name | Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334629 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00cwqg982 |
| funders[0].display_name | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C3020495827 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5010368824005127 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426141 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Bispecific antibody |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.4011926054954529 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.07930013537406921 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C159654299 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Antibody |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C542903549 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Monoclonal antibody |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bispecific-antibody |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5010368824005127 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Bispecific antibody |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.4011926054954529 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[2].score | 0.07930013537406921 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555700 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/03/2023.08.31.555700.full.pdf |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/364690 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401776 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Apollo (University of Cambridge) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | University of Cambridge |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/364690 |
| locations[2].id | doi:10.17863/cam.106241 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S7407050737 |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Apollo |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | |
| locations[2].raw_type | article-journal |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.106241 |
| indexed_in | crossref, datacite |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065949523 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2285-6910 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | C. Driscoll |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB 1PD, UK |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 3QU, UK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/013meh722 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Cambridge |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/052gg0110 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | University of Oxford |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Claudia L. Driscoll |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 3QU, UK, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB 1PD, UK |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5105024342 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-7351 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Anthony H. Keeble |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 3QU, UK |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB 1PD, UK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/013meh722 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Cambridge |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/052gg0110 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Oxford |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Anthony H. Keeble |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 3QU, UK, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB 1PD, UK |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012100815 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-7147 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Mark Howarth |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 3QU, UK |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB 1PD, UK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/013meh722 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I241749 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Cambridge |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/052gg0110 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of Oxford |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Mark Howarth |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX 3QU, UK, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB 1PD, UK |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/03/2023.08.31.555700.full.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | SpyMask Enables Combinatorial Assembly of Bispecific Binders |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11016 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2741 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging |
| primary_topic.display_name | Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2102163098, https://openalex.org/W2390279801, https://openalex.org/W2358668433, https://openalex.org/W2999997703, https://openalex.org/W2376932109, https://openalex.org/W2001405890, https://openalex.org/W2382290278, https://openalex.org/W2478288626, https://openalex.org/W4391913857 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555700 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/03/2023.08.31.555700.full.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555700 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/09/03/2023.08.31.555700.full.pdf |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.31.555700 |
| publication_date | 2023-09-03 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2103484524, https://openalex.org/W2159923852, https://openalex.org/W2995070490, https://openalex.org/W2171897290, https://openalex.org/W4223466672, https://openalex.org/W2911475376, https://openalex.org/W2083193004, https://openalex.org/W2131312664, https://openalex.org/W2037104161, https://openalex.org/W2811496274, https://openalex.org/W2607918806, https://openalex.org/W2156205968, https://openalex.org/W4220765272, https://openalex.org/W2728013011, https://openalex.org/W4290653589, https://openalex.org/W2024651005, https://openalex.org/W1607313147, https://openalex.org/W2280665134, https://openalex.org/W3091589156, https://openalex.org/W2009534236, https://openalex.org/W2040415740, https://openalex.org/W2008883059, https://openalex.org/W3184163355, https://openalex.org/W2165003903, https://openalex.org/W2763136348, https://openalex.org/W3009407771, https://openalex.org/W2799579330, https://openalex.org/W4220672798, https://openalex.org/W2013069561, https://openalex.org/W1969873900, https://openalex.org/W2586691160, https://openalex.org/W3164052792, https://openalex.org/W2147974472, https://openalex.org/W3127324536, https://openalex.org/W3010197333, https://openalex.org/W1835400420, https://openalex.org/W2046856442, https://openalex.org/W1971267920, https://openalex.org/W4290705743, https://openalex.org/W3172323678, https://openalex.org/W2911569114, https://openalex.org/W3038470619, https://openalex.org/W2995103612, https://openalex.org/W3186097444, https://openalex.org/W4312061437, https://openalex.org/W2938641786, https://openalex.org/W3179659509, https://openalex.org/W2317391605, https://openalex.org/W4376643124, https://openalex.org/W4309161468, https://openalex.org/W2015976014, https://openalex.org/W2168356942, https://openalex.org/W2948141873, https://openalex.org/W3191421219, https://openalex.org/W1994438021, https://openalex.org/W2095893170, https://openalex.org/W4281790889, https://openalex.org/W2945929016, https://openalex.org/W2013420333, https://openalex.org/W2946222253, https://openalex.org/W2800628662, https://openalex.org/W4236366502, https://openalex.org/W2112415895, https://openalex.org/W4242930537, https://openalex.org/W4366163192, https://openalex.org/W2892332495, https://openalex.org/W1992484540, https://openalex.org/W2732122454, https://openalex.org/W2029755294, https://openalex.org/W2009768960, https://openalex.org/W2006264959, https://openalex.org/W3176312138, https://openalex.org/W2898119887, https://openalex.org/W3123348253, https://openalex.org/W2263431558, https://openalex.org/W4283658365, https://openalex.org/W3046880985, https://openalex.org/W3084848063, https://openalex.org/W3091552831, https://openalex.org/W2901316041, https://openalex.org/W3159821165, https://openalex.org/W2100794900, https://openalex.org/W4309796326 |
| referenced_works_count | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5 | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 4, 58, 77, 89, 133, 154, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.37 | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 131, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 51, 72, 110, 146, 164, 225, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 96, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 47, 100, 135, 162, 170, 205, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 18, 106, 179, 193, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 13, 45, 173, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 34, 61, 141, 144, 183, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.97% | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Two | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 6, 29, 126, 160, 211, 232, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 3, 37, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 42, 122, 157, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.min | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 19, 40, 73, 93, 150, 203, 206, 209, 212, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 11, 15, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fab, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HER2 | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arms | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 123, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hub. | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 41, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onto | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 20, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 116, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.°C, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bias. | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bonds | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.panel | 134, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plate | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sites | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.until | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 63, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 67, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binder | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.class, | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cloned | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.direct | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.locked | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saline | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.second | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simple | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tandem | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unlock | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.96-well | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Catcher | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SpyMask | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SpyTag. | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avenues | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bearing | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.binders | 69, 143, 175, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cloning | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupled | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.format, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.format. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modular | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modules | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one-pot | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.project | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synergy | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 138, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.towards | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ABSTRACT | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Assembly | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Standard | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity | 192, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affibody | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assembly | 159, 210, 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bridging | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depended | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discover | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engaging | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engineer | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evasion, | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formats. | 54, 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geometry | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecule | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanobody | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receptor | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scalable | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synergy, | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity, | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 16, 53, 147, 177, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disulfide | 43, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.establish | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expanding | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.geometry. | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecules | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precisely | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protease. | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealing | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signaling | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unveiling | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bispecific | 1, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SpyCatcher | 91, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amidation, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antibodies | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bispecific | 129, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell-types | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conjugated | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directions | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.half-times | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulating | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactivity | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scaffolds. | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.successful | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unexpected | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unreactive | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bispecifics | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bispecifics | 36, 62, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complicated | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generalized | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodology | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recognizing | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitively | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spontaneous | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapeutic | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SpyTag-fused | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combinations | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.homogeneity. | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organization | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purification | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DoubleCatcher | 107, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HER2-addicted | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site-specific | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DoubleCatcher, | 88, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DoubleCatchers, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigen-binding | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.straightforward | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SpyTag/SpyCatcher | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pro-proliferative | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anti-proliferative | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phosphate-buffered | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction/oxidation | 44 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5012100815 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I241749, https://openalex.org/I40120149 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.60571793 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |