Step‐on versus step‐off signals in time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic methods using a grounded electric dipole Article Swipe
Amir Haroon
,
Andrei Swidinsky
,
Sebastian Hölz
,
Marion Jegen
,
Bülent Tezkan
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13016
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13016
The time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic method is a geophysical prospecting tool applied to image the subsurface resistivity distribution on land and in the marine environment. In its most general set‐up, a square‐wave current is fed into a grounded horizontal electric dipole, and several electric and magnetic field receivers at defined offsets to the imposed current measure the electromagnetic response of the Earth. In the marine environment, the application often uses only inline electric field receivers that, for a 50% duty‐cycle current waveform, include both step‐on and step‐off signals. Here, forward and inverse 1D modelling is used to demonstrate limited sensitivity towards shallow resistive layers in the step‐off electric field when transmitter and receivers are surrounded by conductive seawater. This observation is explained by a masking effect of the direct current signal that flows through the seawater and primarily affects step‐off data. During a step‐off measurement, this direct current is orders of magnitude larger than the inductive response at early and intermediate times, limiting the step‐off sensitivity towards shallow resistive layers in the seafloor. Step‐on data measure the resistive layer at times preceding the arrival of the direct current signal leading to higher sensitivity compared to step‐off data. Such dichotomous behaviour between step‐on and step‐off data is less obvious in onshore experiments due to the lack of a strong overlying conductive zone and corresponding masking effect from direct current flow. Supported by synthetic 1D inversion studies, we conclude that time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic measurements on land should apply both step‐on and step‐off data in a combined inversion approach to maximize signal‐to‐noise ratios and utilize the sensitivity characteristics of each signal. In an isotropic marine environment, step‐off electric fields have inferior sensitivity towards shallow resistive layers compared to step‐on data, resulting in an increase of non‐uniqueness when interpreting step‐off data in a single or combined inversion.
Related Topics
Concepts
Resistive touchscreen
Direct current
Geophysics
Time domain
Electric field
Magnetotellurics
Geology
SIGNAL (programming language)
Acoustics
Waveform
Voltage
Physics
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical engineering
Computer science
Engineering
Computer vision
Programming language
Quantum mechanics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13016
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2478.13016
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 5
- References
- 54
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3045954927
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3045954927Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13016Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Step‐on versus step‐off signals in time‐domain controlled source electromagnetic methods using a grounded electric dipoleWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-07-27Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Amir Haroon, Andrei Swidinsky, Sebastian Hölz, Marion Jegen, Bülent TezkanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13016Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2478.13016Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2478.13016Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Resistive touchscreen, Direct current, Geophysics, Time domain, Electric field, Magnetotellurics, Geology, SIGNAL (programming language), Acoustics, Waveform, Voltage, Physics, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrical engineering, Computer science, Engineering, Computer vision, Programming language, Quantum mechanicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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5Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 1, 2024: 2, 2022: 1, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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54Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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