String Breaking Dynamics and Glueball Formation in a $2+1$D Lattice Gauge Theory Article Swipe

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Kaidi Xu , Umberto Borla , Sergej Moroz , Jad C. Halimeh ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.01950

With the advent of advanced quantum processors capable of probing lattice gauge theories (LGTs) in higher spatial dimensions, it is crucial to understand string dynamics in such models to guide upcoming experiments and to make connections to high-energy physics (HEP). Using tensor network methods, we study the far-from-equilibrium quench dynamics of electric flux strings between two static charges in the $2+1$D $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT with dynamical matter. We calculate the probabilities of finding the time-evolved wave function in string configurations of the same length as the initial string. At resonances determined by the the electric field strength and the mass, we identify various string breaking processes accompanied with matter creation. Away from resonance strings exhibit intriguing confined dynamics which, for strong electric fields, we fully characterize through effective perturbative models. Starting in maximal-length strings, we find that the wave function enters a dynamical regime where it splits into shorter strings and disconnected loops, with the latter bearing qualitative resemblance to glueballs in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Our findings can be probed on state-of-the-art superconducting-qubit and trapped-ion quantum processors.

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Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01950
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.01950
OA Status: green
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4417183424

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OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4417183424

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2507.01950

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Title: String Breaking Dynamics and Glueball Formation in a $2+1$D Lattice Gauge Theory

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Type: preprint

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-07-02

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Authors: Kaidi Xu, Umberto Borla, Sergej Moroz, Jad C. Halimeh

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Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01950

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PDF URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.01950

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Open access: Yes

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OA status: green

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Cited by: 0

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