String Breaking in a $2+1$D $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory Article Swipe

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Umberto Borla , Jesse J. Osborne , Sergej Moroz , Jad C. Halimeh ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.17929

String breaking is an intriguing phenomenon crucial to the understanding of lattice gauge theories (LGTs), with strong relevance to both condensed matter and high-energy physics (HEP). Recent experiments investigating string breaking in $2+1$D (two spatial and one temporal dimensions) LGTs motivate a thorough analysis of its underlying mechanisms. Here, we perform matrix product state (MPS) simulations of string breaking in an experimentally relevant $2+1$D $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT in the presence of two external charges. We provide a detailed description of the system in the confined phase, highlight a number of mechanisms which are responsible for string breaking, and argue that magnetic fluctuations have a stabilizing effect on the strings. Moreover, we show that deep in the confined regime the problem is dual to one-dimensional free fermions hopping on an open chain. Our work elucidates the microscopic processes of string breaking in $2+1$D LGTs, and our findings can be probed on current superconducting-qubit quantum computers.

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Lattice (music) Theoretical physics Physics String (physics) Mathematical physics Gauge theory Acoustics

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Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.17929
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.17929
OA Status: green
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4407012918

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2501.17929

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Title: String Breaking in a $2+1$D $\mathbb{Z}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory

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Type: preprint

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-01-29

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Authors: Umberto Borla, Jesse J. Osborne, Sergej Moroz, Jad C. Halimeh

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Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.17929

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PDF URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.17929

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Concepts: Lattice (music), Theoretical physics, Physics, String (physics), Mathematical physics, Gauge theory, Acoustics

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