Structural Configuration Effects of Freestanding TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Power Conversion Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Article Swipe
Gangasagar Sharma Gaudel
,
Seung‐Ju Yu
,
Hwa‐Young Yang
,
Ye‐Chong Moon
,
Sang Hoon Kim
,
Sang‐Ho Park
,
Bong‐Hyun Jun
,
Young Jun Kim
,
Won‐Yeop Rho
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are known for their excellent low-light performance, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility. The photoanode has a crucial role in enhancing the overall performance of DSSCs and can be modified with different nanostructures. This study explores the impact of photoanode structure on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs, where four configurations of freestanding TiO2 nanotube arrays (f-TNAs), closed-up, closed-down, open-up, and open-down, were employed as photoanodes. Performance was evaluated based on current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and PCE concerning dye adsorption, electrolyte diffusion, electron transport, and barrier layer. DSSCs based on open configurations, open-up and open-down f-TNAs, demonstrated superior performance, achieving PCE of 7.73% and 7.71%, respectively. The primary distinction between the DSSCs based on open-up f-TNAs and those based on open-down f-TNAs lies in the dye adsorption time and electron diffusion characteristics. The PCE for DSSCs with closed-down f-TNAs was measured at 6.78%, while DSSCs with closed-up f-TNAs showed a lower PCE of 5.52%. The presence of a barrier layer under the bottom of f-TNAs impacted the PCE for DSSCs with closed-down f-TNAs, whereas for DSSCs with closed-up f-TNAs, insufficient dye loading, poor electrolyte diffusion and barrier layer reduced the performance.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101
- https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/22/5101/pdf?version=1762769615
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 37
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4416088906
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4416088906Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Structural Configuration Effects of Freestanding TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Power Conversion Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar CellsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-11-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Gangasagar Sharma Gaudel, Seung‐Ju Yu, Hwa‐Young Yang, Ye‐Chong Moon, Sang Hoon Kim, Sang‐Ho Park, Bong‐Hyun Jun, Young Jun Kim, Won‐Yeop RhoList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/22/5101/pdf?version=1762769615Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/22/5101/pdf?version=1762769615Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
37Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4416088906 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41303947 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4416088906 |
| fwci | |
| type | article |
| title | Structural Configuration Effects of Freestanding TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Power Conversion Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells |
| biblio.issue | 22 |
| biblio.volume | 18 |
| biblio.last_page | 5101 |
| biblio.first_page | 5101 |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2300 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2300 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/ma18225101 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Materials |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/22/5101/pdf?version=1762769615 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Materials |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:41303947 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Materials (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41303947 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5066676522 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-730X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Gangasagar Sharma Gaudel |
| authorships[0].countries | KR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05q92br09 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Jeonbuk National University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Gangasagar Sharma Gaudel |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051765472 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-5512 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Seung‐Ju Yu |
| authorships[1].countries | KR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05q92br09 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Jeonbuk National University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Seung-Ju Yu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068354457 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Hwa‐Young Yang |
| authorships[2].countries | KR |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I48566637 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I48566637 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/017cjz748 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I48566637 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Hwa-Young Yang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5064067617 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8406-9029 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Ye‐Chong Moon |
| authorships[3].countries | KR |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05q92br09 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Jeonbuk National University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Ye-Chong Moon |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Graduate School of Integrated Energy-AI, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100354865 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5032-4658 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Sang Hoon Kim |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | JCHI GLOBAL Co., Ltd., Incheon 22004, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Sang Hoon Kim |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | JCHI GLOBAL Co., Ltd., Incheon 22004, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100681612 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0228-2713 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Sang‐Ho Park |
| authorships[5].countries | KR |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05q92br09 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Jeonbuk National University |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Sang-Ho Park |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5084465908 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-7946 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Bong‐Hyun Jun |
| authorships[6].countries | KR |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24062138 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I24062138 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/025h1m602 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I24062138 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Konkuk University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Bong-Hyun Jun |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5021167506 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2605-0922 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Young Jun Kim |
| authorships[7].countries | DE, KR |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210094302, https://openalex.org/I58716616 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-Europe), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210094302 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00p3ce068 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I27494661, https://openalex.org/I2801339556, https://openalex.org/I4210094302, https://openalex.org/I4210144908, https://openalex.org/I4387152098, https://openalex.org/I58716616 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | KIST Europe |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I58716616 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05kzfa883 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I27494661, https://openalex.org/I2801339556, https://openalex.org/I4210144908, https://openalex.org/I4387152098, https://openalex.org/I58716616 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | KR |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | Korea Institute of Science and Technology |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Young Jun Kim |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST-Europe), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023851499 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1583-154X |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Won‐Yeop Rho |
| authorships[8].countries | KR |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05q92br09 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Jeonbuk National University |
| authorships[8].author_position | last |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Won-Yeop Rho |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Republic of Korea |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/22/5101/pdf?version=1762769615 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-11-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Structural Configuration Effects of Freestanding TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Power Conversion Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-28T23:14:17.795251 |
| primary_topic | |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/ma18225101 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Materials |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/22/5101/pdf?version=1762769615 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Materials |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/ma18225101 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S18714766 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1996-1944 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1996-1944 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Materials |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/22/5101/pdf?version=1762769615 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Materials |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18225101 |
| publication_date | 2025-11-10 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4390545061, https://openalex.org/W4293879976, https://openalex.org/W3208854778, https://openalex.org/W4284972266, https://openalex.org/W2061067645, https://openalex.org/W2057327293, https://openalex.org/W4229013424, https://openalex.org/W2332649027, https://openalex.org/W1980216394, https://openalex.org/W2902556766, https://openalex.org/W4389489330, https://openalex.org/W4307425928, https://openalex.org/W4235519086, https://openalex.org/W3135544178, https://openalex.org/W4307027607, https://openalex.org/W3190640419, https://openalex.org/W4387740162, https://openalex.org/W2991172882, https://openalex.org/W2071728603, https://openalex.org/W4401098359, https://openalex.org/W1971101053, https://openalex.org/W3211998193, https://openalex.org/W3157083799, https://openalex.org/W2791545018, https://openalex.org/W2907415552, https://openalex.org/W4385495015, https://openalex.org/W2756426942, https://openalex.org/W3004787925, https://openalex.org/W3096668789, https://openalex.org/W2004417892, https://openalex.org/W2031927309, https://openalex.org/W2021646306, https://openalex.org/W1974924152, https://openalex.org/W2611796697, https://openalex.org/W4389097371, https://openalex.org/W2621262207, https://openalex.org/W3091964249 |
| referenced_works_count | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 17, 156, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 20, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 25, 39, 48, 53, 108, 159, 163, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 42, 72, 96, 120, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PCE | 83, 107, 140, 158, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 14, 113, 139, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 12, 27, 62, 82, 91, 100, 110, 123, 135, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dye | 85, 132, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 6, 141, 175, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 22, 37, 43, 117, 131, 168, 173, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 69, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TiO2 | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fill | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lies | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.poor | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 31, 143, 152, 177, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(FF), | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PCE) | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7.73% | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DSSCs | 26, 94, 118, 142, 151, 176, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 71, 95, 119, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.known | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer | 166, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.power | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solar | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Jsc), | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Voc), | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5.52%. | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6.78%, | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7.71%, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DSSCs, | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arrays | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bottom | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.f-TNAs | 122, 128, 145, 154, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.layer. | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DSSCs) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.barrier | 92, 165, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.density | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.f-TNAs, | 102, 179, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open-up | 99, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voltage | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whereas | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 89, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employed | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explores | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacted | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loading, | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modified | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanotube | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open-up, | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.superior | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(f-TNAs), | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closed-up | 153, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffusion | 137, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.excellent | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-light | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open-down | 101, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adsorption | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closed-up, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concerning | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conversion | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffusion, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open-down, | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photoanode | 15, 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transport, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Performance | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adsorption, | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closed-down | 144, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinction | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrolyte | 87, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.closed-down, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexibility. | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.freestanding | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insufficient | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open-circuit | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance, | 10, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photoanodes. | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Dye-sensitized | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configurations | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configurations, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanostructures. | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics. | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost-effectiveness, | 11 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5100681612, https://openalex.org/A5023851499, https://openalex.org/A5084465908, https://openalex.org/A5021167506 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24062138, https://openalex.org/I4210094302, https://openalex.org/I58716616, https://openalex.org/I80611190 |
| citation_normalized_percentile |