Study of the IC 443 Region with the HAWC Observatory Article Swipe

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R. Alfaro , C. Alvarez , Miguel Araya , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , D. Avila Rojas , H. A. Ayala Solares , Rishi Babu , P. Bangale , A. Bernal , K. S. Caballero‐Mora , T. Capistrán , A. Carramiñana , S. Casanova , U. Cotti , J. Cotzomi , S. Coutiño de León , E. De la Fuente , Davide Depaoli , P. Desiati , Niccolò Di Lalla , R. Diaz Hernandez , B. L. Dingus , M. A. DuVernois , J. C. Díaz–Vélez , T. Ergin , C. Espinoza , Ke Fang , N. Fraija , S. Fraija , J. A. García-González , Hazal Goksu , J. A. González-Cervera , M. M. González , J. A. Goodman , S. Groetsch , J. P. Harding , S. Hernández-Cadena , I. Herzog , J. A. Hinton , Dezhi Huang , F. Hueyotl‐Zahuantitla , P. Hüntemeyer , S. Kaufmann , A. Lara , J. Lee , H. León Vargas , J. Linnemann , A. L. Longinotti , G. Luis-Raya , K. Malone , O. Martı́nez , J. Martínez-Castro , J. Matthews , P. Miranda-Romagnoli , Jorge Alexis Montes , J. A. Morales-Soto , E. Moreno , M. Mostafá , M. Najafi , L. Nellen , M. U. Nisa , R. Noriega-Papaqui , Laura Olivera-Nieto , N. Omodei , Marcela Andrea Osorio Osorio , E. Ponce , Y. Pérez Araujo , E. G. Pérez‐Pérez , Chang Dong Rho , D. Rosa‐González , M. Roth , E. Ruiz-Velasco , H. Salazar , A. Sandoval , M. Schneider , Georg Schwefer , José Serna-Franco , A. J. Smith , Y. Son , R. W. Springer , O. Tibolla , Kirsten Tollefson , I. Torres , R. Torres-Escobedo , Rhiannon M. Turner , X. Wang , Z. Wang , I. J. Watson , H. Wu , S. Yu , S. Yun-Cárcamo , H. Zhou , C. de León ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf7aa

Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e., capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. Using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, we study the emission of IC 443 with the objective of finding signatures of cosmic-ray acceleration at the PeV scale. Using a maximum likelihood method, we find a point source located at ( α = 94 42, δ = 22 35) that we associate with IC 443. The measured spectrum is a simple power law with an index of −3.14 ± 0.18, which is consistent with previous TeV observations. Although we cannot confirm that IC 443 is a hadronic PeVatron, we do not find any sign that the spectrum has a cutoff at tens of TeV energies, with the spectrum extending to ∼30 TeV. Furthermore, we also find a new extended component in the region whose emission is described by a simple power law with an index of −2.49 ± 0.08 and which we call HAWC J0615+2213. While we show evidence that this new source might be a new TeV halo, we defer a detailed analysis of this new source to another publication.

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf7aa
OA Status: gold
References: 74
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4414736838

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adf7aa

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Title: Study of the IC 443 Region with the HAWC Observatory

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-10-01

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Authors: R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, Miguel Araya, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, Rishi Babu, P. Bangale, A. Bernal, K. S. Caballero‐Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, Davide Depaoli, P. Desiati, Niccolò Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, T. Ergin, C. Espinoza, Ke Fang, N. Fraija, S. Fraija, J. A. García-González, Hazal Goksu, J. A. González-Cervera, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernández-Cadena, I. Herzog, J. A. Hinton, Dezhi Huang, F. Hueyotl‐Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martı́nez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, Jorge Alexis Montes, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, M. Najafi, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Laura Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, Marcela Andrea Osorio Osorio, E. Ponce, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez‐Pérez, Chang Dong Rho, D. Rosa‐González, M. Roth, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, Georg Schwefer, José Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, Kirsten Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, Rhiannon M. Turner, X. Wang, Z. Wang, I. J. Watson, H. Wu, S. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, H. Zhou, C. de León

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