Study on the failure mechanism of the shield excavation face in the sandy cobble stratum under different buried depths Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012
One of the significant challenges faced in shield tunnel construction is the risk of collapse resulting from abrupt changes in soil conditions in advance of the working face, particularly within the sandy cobble stratum. This study aims to effectively manage these sudden variations and to further investigate the failure mechanisms associated with shield tunneling. The limit support pressure, instability patterns, and soil arch ranges at the excavation face under varying burial depths were analyzed using PFC 3D discrete element software, specifically in relation to the shield section of the Beijing Subway New Airport Line 06 cigezhuang~1# wind shaft project. The findings of this research indicate the following: (1) The limit support pressure at the shield excavation face in sandy cobble strata increases with the burial depth ratio; however, the ratio of the limit support pressure decreases as the burial depth ratio increases. (2) A burial depth ratio threshold of 1.0–1.5 suggests that no soil arch forms in the stratum ahead of the excavation face when the burial depth ratio is below this range. Conversely, a soil arch develops when the burial depth ratio exceeds this threshold. (3) When the burial depth ratio is less than the threshold range of 1.0–1.5, the longitudinal instability zone transitions from a wedge shape to a barrel shape, extending to the surface. Conversely, when the burial depth ratio surpasses this range, the longitudinal instability zone changes from a wedge shape to a bulb shape and does not extend to the surface. (4) This paper proposes a calculation model for determining the limit support pressure of the excavation face under both shallow and deep burial conditions in the sandy cobble stratum, providing a calculation formula for the limit support pressure and establishing a reference range for the calculation parameters.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012
- OA Status
- diamond
- References
- 33
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409558995
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409558995Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Study on the failure mechanism of the shield excavation face in the sandy cobble stratum under different buried depthsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-16Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jiang Hua, Chongyang Liu, Ao Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yuhang LiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Cobble, Stratum, Geology, Excavation, Geotechnical engineering, Shield, Face (sociological concept), Failure mechanism, Mining engineering, Engineering, Petrology, Structural engineering, Biology, Social science, Habitat, Ecology, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
33Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4409558995 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4409558995 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Study on the failure mechanism of the shield excavation face in the sandy cobble stratum under different buried depths |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11046 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2213 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality |
| topics[0].display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T13596 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9994999766349792 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11375 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C127491152 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9755971431732178 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527595 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Cobble |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C175585516 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.9044668674468994 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12758989 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Stratum |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6715835332870483 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C31858485 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.661029577255249 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Excavation |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C187320778 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5881376266479492 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Geotechnical engineering |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C138081364 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5645402073860168 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Shield |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2779304628 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4502142071723938 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Face (sociological concept) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C3018344627 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4224129617214203 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1925224 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Failure mechanism |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C16674752 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4002545475959778 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Mining engineering |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.18361881375312805 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C5900021 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.11765977740287781 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Petrology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.07314130663871765 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Structural engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C36289849 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Social science |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C185933670 |
| concepts[14].level | 2 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Habitat |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C144024400 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Sociology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cobble |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9755971431732178 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Cobble |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/stratum |
| keywords[1].score | 0.9044668674468994 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Stratum |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6715835332870483 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/excavation |
| keywords[3].score | 0.661029577255249 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Excavation |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5881376266479492 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Geotechnical engineering |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/shield |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5645402073860168 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Shield |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/face |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4502142071723938 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Face (sociological concept) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mechanism |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4224129617214203 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Failure mechanism |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4002545475959778 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Mining engineering |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.18361881375312805 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/petrology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.11765977740287781 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Petrology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.07314130663871765 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Structural engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4387282602 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2097-0668, 2770-1328 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2097-0668 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Deep Underground Science and Engineering |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Deep Underground Science and Engineering |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5056446003 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-8003 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Jiang Hua |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01xt2dr21 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Hua Jiang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037187271 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-2944 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Chongyang Liu |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01xt2dr21 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Chongyang Liu |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101474010 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1093-217X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Ao Zhang |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01xt2dr21 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Ao Zhang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5027929141 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6012-8821 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Xiaoyan Zhang |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01xt2dr21 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Xiaoyan Zhang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5072736385 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-5921 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Yuhang Li |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01xt2dr21 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I25757504 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | China University of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Yuhang Li |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology‐Beijing Beijing China |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Study on the failure mechanism of the shield excavation face in the sandy cobble stratum under different buried depths |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11046 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2213 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality |
| primary_topic.display_name | Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2359412326, https://openalex.org/W2362844856, https://openalex.org/W2392571586, https://openalex.org/W4387953275, https://openalex.org/W2354547649, https://openalex.org/W2361006766, https://openalex.org/W2354081587, https://openalex.org/W2351532073, https://openalex.org/W2080625435, https://openalex.org/W2025216402 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4387282602 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2097-0668, 2770-1328 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2097-0668 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Deep Underground Science and Engineering |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Deep Underground Science and Engineering |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4387282602 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2097-0668, 2770-1328 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2097-0668 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Deep Underground Science and Engineering |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Deep Underground Science and Engineering |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/dug2.70012 |
| publication_date | 2025-04-16 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2170934327, https://openalex.org/W2090885340, https://openalex.org/W2061959434, https://openalex.org/W1581779523, https://openalex.org/W2039530964, https://openalex.org/W2553122298, https://openalex.org/W2018682241, https://openalex.org/W4281936842, https://openalex.org/W2915849589, https://openalex.org/W2009116058, https://openalex.org/W2413164863, https://openalex.org/W2077788948, https://openalex.org/W2113695634, https://openalex.org/W2087190602, https://openalex.org/W1988642637, https://openalex.org/W2055704756, https://openalex.org/W2790207991, https://openalex.org/W2070667721, https://openalex.org/W1938890064, https://openalex.org/W2908647969, https://openalex.org/W2013091535, https://openalex.org/W2257593805, https://openalex.org/W2077730296, https://openalex.org/W2089881200, https://openalex.org/W2604539380, https://openalex.org/W2964657307, https://openalex.org/W1167409388, https://openalex.org/W2028272638, https://openalex.org/W2745854383, https://openalex.org/W3188449940, https://openalex.org/W2898407155, https://openalex.org/W2893051378, https://openalex.org/W2348315059 |
| referenced_works_count | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 175, 207, 211, 233, 237, 251, 277, 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.06 | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3D | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 65, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 7, 20, 23, 82, 118, 157, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 11, 170, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 14, 25, 88, 102, 131, 149, 161, 199, 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 38, 45, 84, 210, 215, 236, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1) | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2) | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3) | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(4) | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.New | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PFC | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 55, 100, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 44, 61, 240, 267, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 254, 280, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 12, 26, 31, 48, 66, 85, 89, 106, 114, 124, 129, 132, 138, 158, 162, 166, 180, 189, 196, 201, 216, 220, 227, 245, 256, 261, 272, 281, 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Line | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 35, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aims | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arch | 63, 155, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bulb | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deep | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.does | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.face | 68, 117, 164, 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 17, 206, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soil | 21, 62, 154, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 103, 172, 185, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 165, 179, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wind | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 52, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.zone | 204, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ahead | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.below | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depth | 126, 140, 146, 168, 182, 191, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.face, | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.faced | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forms | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limit | 56, 110, 133, 257, 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 198, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 130, 141, 147, 169, 183, 192, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sandy | 32, 119, 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shaft | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shape | 209, 235, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 69, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wedge | 208, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Subway | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abrupt | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.barrel | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.burial | 71, 125, 139, 145, 167, 181, 190, 221, 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cobble | 33, 120, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depths | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extend | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manage | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range, | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range. | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranges | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio; | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shape, | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shield | 8, 53, 86, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strata | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sudden | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tunnel | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Airport | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Beijing | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advance | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 19, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.element | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exceeds | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.failure | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formula | 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.section | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shallow | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stratum | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 57, 111, 134, 258, 283 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varying | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.working | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collapse | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develops | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrete | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.however, | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure | 112, 135, 259, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.project. | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposes | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relation | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stratum, | 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stratum. | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggests | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface. | 217, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.0–1.5 | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreases | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extending | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pressure, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reference | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software, | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surpasses | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threshold | 148, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.0–1.5, | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 22, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.excavation | 67, 116, 163, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.following: | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increases. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threshold. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tunneling. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conversely, | 174, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculation | 252, 278, 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determining | 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instability | 59, 203, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigate | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters. | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transitions | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construction | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.establishing | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longitudinal | 202, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifically | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cigezhuang~1# | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.15291097 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |