Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Caenorhabditis elegans Development and Reproductive Behavior Article Swipe
Eva Gil-Martins
,
Daniel José Barbosa
,
Fernando Cagide
,
Fernando Remião
,
Fernanda Borges
,
Renata Silva
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039
Designer drugs like 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe have emerged as potent psychoactive substances, with several reports linking their consumption to severe poisoning and fatalities. However, there is limited information on their toxicity, particularly in in vivo models. In this manuscript, we evaluate the survival, developmental, and reproductive impact of these designer drugs on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). For this purpose, adult worms synchronized at the L1 stage were exposed to growing concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe. The animal survival rate and the putative effects of the drugs on C. elegans development and reproductive behavior were assessed after 24 h of exposure. A concentration-dependent decrease in animal survival was observed. 25I-NBOMe was approximately six times more toxic than 2C-I (LC50 values—1.368 mM for 2C-I and 0.236 mM for 25I-NBOMe). Furthermore, sublethal concentrations of both drugs delayed animal development and reduced the total progeny but not its survival. Overall, these findings underscore the developmental and reproductive risks associated with exposure to 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe, even at sublethal concentrations.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039
- https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3039/pdf?version=1742992983
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 46
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4408848243
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4408848243Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Caenorhabditis elegans Development and Reproductive BehaviorWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-03-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Eva Gil-Martins, Daniel José Barbosa, Fernando Cagide, Fernando Remião, Fernanda Borges, Renata SilvaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3039/pdf?version=1742992983Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3039/pdf?version=1742992983Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Caenorhabditis elegans, Biology, Genetics, GeneTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
46Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4408848243 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40243676 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4408848243 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000254 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | growth & development |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000502 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | physiology |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000633 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D015198 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | toxicity |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Designer Drugs |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D015198 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Designer Drugs |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D012098 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Reproduction |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D012726 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Sexual Behavior, Animal |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000254 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | growth & development |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000502 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | physiology |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000633 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D015198 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | toxicity |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Designer Drugs |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D015198 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Designer Drugs |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D012098 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Reproduction |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D012726 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Sexual Behavior, Animal |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D000818 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Animals |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | Q000254 |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | growth & development |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | Q000502 |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D017173 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | physiology |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | Q000633 |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D015198 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | toxicity |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Designer Drugs |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | Q000494 |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D015198 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | pharmacology |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Designer Drugs |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D012098 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Reproduction |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | Q000187 |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D012726 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | drug effects |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Sexual Behavior, Animal |
| type | article |
| title | Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Caenorhabditis elegans Development and Reproductive Behavior |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G853378395 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320324079 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | Mddemy-GI2-CESPU-2022 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G6931173097 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334779 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | UIDB/00081/2020 (CIQUP) |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G1677498739 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334779 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | PT-OPENSCREEN-NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-085468 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| awards[3].id | https://openalex.org/G681548056 |
| awards[3].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334779 |
| awards[3].display_name | |
| awards[3].funder_award_id | LA/P/0056/2020 (IMS) |
| awards[3].funder_display_name | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| biblio.issue | 7 |
| biblio.volume | 26 |
| biblio.last_page | 3039 |
| biblio.first_page | 3039 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10375 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/30 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics |
| topics[0].score | 0.9729999899864197 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3004 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Pharmacology |
| topics[0].display_name | Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10676 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9596999883651733 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1302 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Aging |
| topics[1].display_name | Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11541 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/32 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Psychology |
| topics[2].score | 0.9472000002861023 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3207 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Social Psychology |
| topics[2].display_name | Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320324079 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00w7bj245 |
| funders[0].display_name | Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334779 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/00snfqn58 |
| funders[1].display_name | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2300 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2490 |
| apc_paid.value | 2300 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2490 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2778944004 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9301339387893677 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91703 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.43636003136634827 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C54355233 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.19108226895332336 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Genetics |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.07259222865104675 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Gene |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/caenorhabditis-elegans |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9301339387893677 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Caenorhabditis elegans |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[1].score | 0.43636003136634827 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics |
| keywords[2].score | 0.19108226895332336 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Genetics |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene |
| keywords[3].score | 0.07259222865104675 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Gene |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S10623703 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1422-0067, 1661-6596 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1422-0067 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3039/pdf?version=1742992983 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40243676 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | International journal of molecular sciences |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40243676 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11988394 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Int J Mol Sci |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11988394 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017206145 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-562X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Eva Gil-Martins |
| authorships[0].countries | PT |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Eva Gil-Martins |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal, CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal, UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083621146 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1726-6011 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Daniel José Barbosa |
| authorships[1].countries | PT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210096930 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210096930, https://openalex.org/I4391767960 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4391767960 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04c3k8v21 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213, https://openalex.org/I4391767960, https://openalex.org/I83558840 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Unidade em Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210096930 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00w7bj245 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210096930 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | PT |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Daniel José Barbosa |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal, UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088843394 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9410-6874 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Fernando Cagide |
| authorships[2].countries | PT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Fernando Cagide |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077833960 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-5119 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Fernando Remião |
| authorships[3].countries | PT |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Fernando Remião |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal, UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068000809 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-2402 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Fernanda Borges |
| authorships[4].countries | PT |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Fernanda Borges |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100688431 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9962-7548 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Renata Silva |
| authorships[5].countries | PT |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043pwc612 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | PT |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Universidade do Porto |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Renata Silva |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal, UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3039/pdf?version=1742992983 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-03-26T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Sublethal Concentrations of 2C-I and 25I-NBOMe Designer Drugs Impact Caenorhabditis elegans Development and Reproductive Behavior |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10375 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/30 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9729999899864197 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3004 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Pharmacology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2082860237, https://openalex.org/W2119695867, https://openalex.org/W2130076355, https://openalex.org/W1990804418, https://openalex.org/W1993764875, https://openalex.org/W2046158694, https://openalex.org/W2788277189, https://openalex.org/W2013243191, https://openalex.org/W1971568933 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10623703 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1422-0067, 1661-6596 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1422-0067 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3039/pdf?version=1742992983 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S10623703 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1422-0067, 1661-6596 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1422-0067 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/3039/pdf?version=1742992983 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073039 |
| publication_date | 2025-03-26 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4223988290, https://openalex.org/W2953820227, https://openalex.org/W2794166569, https://openalex.org/W2014120139, https://openalex.org/W2938807468, https://openalex.org/W3106135072, https://openalex.org/W2911326675, https://openalex.org/W1996940919, https://openalex.org/W2036789956, https://openalex.org/W2610992475, https://openalex.org/W2078066111, https://openalex.org/W2252952178, https://openalex.org/W2276897605, https://openalex.org/W2146788977, https://openalex.org/W2607456946, https://openalex.org/W4399403133, https://openalex.org/W4385840367, https://openalex.org/W1727963951, https://openalex.org/W4407587677, https://openalex.org/W2297595648, https://openalex.org/W4224264649, https://openalex.org/W2411077351, https://openalex.org/W2974240792, https://openalex.org/W2747605511, https://openalex.org/W2297777046, https://openalex.org/W3123949134, https://openalex.org/W3215150116, https://openalex.org/W2606962839, https://openalex.org/W4220743733, https://openalex.org/W4206201205, https://openalex.org/W2146473511, https://openalex.org/W3047188326, https://openalex.org/W4324095267, https://openalex.org/W4398202634, https://openalex.org/W3100308562, https://openalex.org/W2889852458, https://openalex.org/W6868722533, https://openalex.org/W6798817928, https://openalex.org/W4249150672, https://openalex.org/W4312129000, https://openalex.org/W3014121938, https://openalex.org/W2892593592, https://openalex.org/W2280081286, https://openalex.org/W2139043086, https://openalex.org/W3184772330, https://openalex.org/W4399649978 |
| referenced_works_count | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.h | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.24 | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.C. | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.L1 | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 65, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 32, 33, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mM | 122, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 47, 74, 86, 101, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 28, 51, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 18, 71, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(C. | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 4, 21, 44, 76, 82, 93, 125, 139, 154, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 123, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.six | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 41, 52, 66, 83, 87, 141, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 109, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2C-I | 3, 75, 119, 124, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.even | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 37, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vivo | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 69, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 12, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(LC50 | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.236 | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adult | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drugs | 1, 50, 88, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risks | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stage | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 16, 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 48, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.times | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.total | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxic | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worms | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.animal | 79, 107, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potent | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delayed | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elegans | 56, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerged | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposed | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.growing | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linking | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models. | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progeny | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reports | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Designer | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Overall, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decrease | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designer | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organism | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purpose, | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.putative | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival | 80, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.25I-NBOMe | 5, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elegans). | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure. | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed. | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.poisoning | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sublethal | 131, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival, | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival. | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxicity, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.25I-NBOMe, | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.25I-NBOMe. | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscore | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.25I-NBOMe). | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consumption | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 92, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fatalities. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manuscript, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substances, | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.psychoactive | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reproductive | 45, 94, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchronized | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximately | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developmental | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Caenorhabditis | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations | 73, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developmental, | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values—1.368 | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentration-dependent | 104 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5068000809, https://openalex.org/A5100688431 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I182534213 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.11033499 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |