Survey on security and privacy issues in cyber physical systems Article Swipe
Artem A. Nazarenko
,
Ghazanfar Ali Safdar
·
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111
The notion of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) is proposed by the National Scientific Foundation to describe a type of systems which combine hardware and software components and being the next step in development of embedded systems. CPS includes a wide range of research topics ranging from signal processing to data analysis. This paper contains a brief review of the basic infrastructure for CPS including smart objects and network aspects in relation to TCP/IP stack. As CPS reflect the processes of the physical environment onto the cyber space, virtualisation as an important tool for abstraction plays crucial role in CPS. In this context paper presents the challenges associated with mobility and vritualisation; accordingly three main types of virtualisation, namely network, devices and applications virtualisation are presented in the paper. These aspects are tightly coupled with security and safety issues. Therefore, different threats, attack types with corresponding subtypes and possible consequences are discussed as well as analysis of various approaches to cope with existing threats is introduced. In addition threat modelling approaches were also in scope of this work. Furthermore, needs and requirements for safety-critical CPS are reviewed. Thus the main efforts of this paper are directed on introducing various aspects of the CPS with regard to security and safety issues.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 34
- References
- 156
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2939335638
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2939335638Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Survey on security and privacy issues in cyber physical systemsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2019Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2019-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Artem A. Nazarenko, Ghazanfar Ali SafdarList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Virtualization, Computer science, Scope (computer science), Cyber-physical system, Context (archaeology), Computer security, Cloud computing, Programming language, Operating system, Biology, PaleontologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
34Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 5, 2024: 4, 2023: 7, 2022: 9, 2021: 6Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
156Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2939335638 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| ids.mag | 2939335638 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2939335638 |
| fwci | 2.95524164 |
| type | article |
| title | Survey on security and privacy issues in cyber physical systems |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 3 |
| biblio.last_page | 143 |
| biblio.first_page | 111 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11241 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1711 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Signal Processing |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced Malware Detection Techniques |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10400 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[1].display_name | Network Security and Intrusion Detection |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10917 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2207 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Control and Systems Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Smart Grid Security and Resilience |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C513985346 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6736960411071777 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Virtualization |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6717046499252319 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2778012447 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6497405171394348 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Scope (computer science) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C179768478 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6031664609909058 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Cyber-physical system |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2779343474 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.506255567073822 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Context (archaeology) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5004394054412842 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C79974875 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.13197433948516846 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Cloud computing |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C151730666 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Paleontology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6736960411071777 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Virtualization |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6717046499252319 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scope |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6497405171394348 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Scope (computer science) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6031664609909058 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Cyber-physical system |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/context |
| keywords[4].score | 0.506255567073822 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Context (archaeology) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5004394054412842 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Computer security |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing |
| keywords[6].score | 0.13197433948516846 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Cloud computing |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210218492 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2578-1588 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2578-1588 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315844 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315844 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a720a3f245884de186da2106cc81ac40 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 111-143 (2019) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/a720a3f245884de186da2106cc81ac40 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/624745 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400178 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I147554453 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | University of Bedfordshire |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I147554453 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://hdl.handle.net/10547/624745 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083968116 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2435-3970 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Artem A. Nazarenko |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Artem A. Nazarenko |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087501959 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-1044 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Ghazanfar Ali Safdar |
| authorships[1].countries | GB, PT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141596103, https://openalex.org/I83558840 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Monte Caparica, Portugal |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I147554453 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, University Square,Luton, LU1 3JU, UK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I147554453 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0400avk24 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I147554453 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Bedfordshire |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I83558840 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02xankh89 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I83558840 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | PT |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Universidade Nova de Lisboa |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I141596103 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/01c27hj86 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I141596103 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].country_code | PT |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].display_name | University of Lisbon |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Ghazanfar Ali Safdar |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Monte Caparica, Portugal, School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, University Square,Luton, LU1 3JU, UK |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Survey on security and privacy issues in cyber physical systems |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11241 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1711 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Signal Processing |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced Malware Detection Techniques |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4241523039, https://openalex.org/W178231042, https://openalex.org/W2360028903, https://openalex.org/W4280543773, https://openalex.org/W2366083136, https://openalex.org/W2387622493, https://openalex.org/W1932132538, https://openalex.org/W2357832196, https://openalex.org/W1566252468, https://openalex.org/W2963445270 |
| cited_by_count | 34 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 9 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210218492 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2578-1588 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2578-1588 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315844 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315844 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210218492 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2578-1588 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2578-1588 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315844 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315844 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Institute of Mathematical Sciences |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2019.2.111 |
| publication_date | 2019-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2019 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2075809640, https://openalex.org/W2062829369, https://openalex.org/W2005140205, https://openalex.org/W2344510388, https://openalex.org/W2096765395, https://openalex.org/W2587835409, https://openalex.org/W2465851956, https://openalex.org/W2617984693, https://openalex.org/W2605497964, https://openalex.org/W1601461406, https://openalex.org/W2107951442, https://openalex.org/W2084069552, https://openalex.org/W2154405519, https://openalex.org/W2320950215, https://openalex.org/W2499575013, https://openalex.org/W4299354314, https://openalex.org/W2078757791, https://openalex.org/W2043336925, https://openalex.org/W2029608738, https://openalex.org/W2048063490, https://openalex.org/W1965686012, https://openalex.org/W116062375, https://openalex.org/W2169009675, https://openalex.org/W2116304501, https://openalex.org/W1966065228, https://openalex.org/W1990229315, https://openalex.org/W2049696328, https://openalex.org/W2160286502, https://openalex.org/W2134295053, https://openalex.org/W1808474944, https://openalex.org/W2066191531, https://openalex.org/W2187364527, https://openalex.org/W2044659601, https://openalex.org/W2083689785, https://openalex.org/W2007886029, https://openalex.org/W2530335575, https://openalex.org/W2541884796, https://openalex.org/W2766730210, https://openalex.org/W2210563311, https://openalex.org/W2475320399, https://openalex.org/W3097274999, https://openalex.org/W1270613369, https://openalex.org/W2310481857, https://openalex.org/W2041582099, https://openalex.org/W2203391099, https://openalex.org/W2131060714, https://openalex.org/W2157078218, https://openalex.org/W2123559168, https://openalex.org/W2124369850, https://openalex.org/W2579603034, https://openalex.org/W1529728259, https://openalex.org/W2503913652, https://openalex.org/W1987441901, https://openalex.org/W3001455961, https://openalex.org/W185142374, https://openalex.org/W2482202112, https://openalex.org/W2330194958, https://openalex.org/W2398128966, https://openalex.org/W2294562132, https://openalex.org/W2315984485, https://openalex.org/W2284373869, https://openalex.org/W1562080458, https://openalex.org/W2158469273, https://openalex.org/W2556314044, https://openalex.org/W2522610349, https://openalex.org/W2444367375, https://openalex.org/W2161630727, https://openalex.org/W2724478239, https://openalex.org/W766792511, https://openalex.org/W1981887010, https://openalex.org/W827961177, https://openalex.org/W2207856858, https://openalex.org/W1965113125, https://openalex.org/W2096118443, https://openalex.org/W2408368322, https://openalex.org/W2394912556, https://openalex.org/W2588148055, https://openalex.org/W2583678697, https://openalex.org/W1999728176, https://openalex.org/W2585207526, https://openalex.org/W2586746815, https://openalex.org/W2471456063, https://openalex.org/W2174714397, https://openalex.org/W2342408547, https://openalex.org/W2521705161, https://openalex.org/W2024233967, https://openalex.org/W2097603593, https://openalex.org/W2117435128, https://openalex.org/W2269916694, https://openalex.org/W2085593420, https://openalex.org/W1995042619, https://openalex.org/W1993619428, https://openalex.org/W1192350387, https://openalex.org/W1972809722, https://openalex.org/W1908984193, https://openalex.org/W2528218607, https://openalex.org/W2009003426, https://openalex.org/W1992208352, https://openalex.org/W1574056277, https://openalex.org/W2015713316, https://openalex.org/W1659594907, https://openalex.org/W3139593476, https://openalex.org/W2361313718, https://openalex.org/W2058972361, https://openalex.org/W2269444228, https://openalex.org/W2062371397, https://openalex.org/W2393529948, https://openalex.org/W1965181236, https://openalex.org/W2333446011, https://openalex.org/W2344795941, https://openalex.org/W2040170473, https://openalex.org/W2017578495, https://openalex.org/W2025890931, https://openalex.org/W1995336485, https://openalex.org/W2067489149, https://openalex.org/W2134224564, https://openalex.org/W1970070453, https://openalex.org/W2542111976, https://openalex.org/W2116065935, https://openalex.org/W2597544281, https://openalex.org/W2589223628, https://openalex.org/W2600779242, https://openalex.org/W2561434343, https://openalex.org/W2423612319, https://openalex.org/W2064446036, https://openalex.org/W2109414303, https://openalex.org/W2070956762, https://openalex.org/W2109894153, https://openalex.org/W2016070752, https://openalex.org/W2074553104, https://openalex.org/W2150755264, https://openalex.org/W1994759735, https://openalex.org/W2082456656, https://openalex.org/W1510688672, https://openalex.org/W2556081310, https://openalex.org/W3105918328, https://openalex.org/W2678934292, https://openalex.org/W1601812712, https://openalex.org/W2758497020, https://openalex.org/W2156098376, https://openalex.org/W2098579359, https://openalex.org/W2951373897, https://openalex.org/W2144696387, https://openalex.org/W24253718, https://openalex.org/W2561729483, https://openalex.org/W2800348009, https://openalex.org/W1988741337, https://openalex.org/W4250516408, https://openalex.org/W2131263964, https://openalex.org/W2568622082, https://openalex.org/W417525393, https://openalex.org/W2108994565, https://openalex.org/W91323781, https://openalex.org/W2170239483, https://openalex.org/W2127159302, https://openalex.org/W2086928636 |
| referenced_works_count | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 15, 37, 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 98, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 87, 150, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 30, 68, 96, 124, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 6, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 17, 32, 40, 56, 78, 114, 154, 173, 189, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 13, 47, 70, 157, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CPS | 35, 61, 74, 182, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 22, 25, 65, 108, 119, 134, 145, 178, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 122, 129, 148, 183, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 60, 91, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 9, 27, 57, 76, 79, 83, 103, 125, 186, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CPS. | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thus | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cope | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.main | 112, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.next | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onto | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.role | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.step | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 99, 174, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wide | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 106, 132, 142, 159, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CPS) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basic | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brief | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cyber | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needs | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 51, 101, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plays | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.range | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scope | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smart | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types | 113, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TCP/IP | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attack | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.namely | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.notion | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper. | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regard | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 135, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space, | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stack. | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threat | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topics | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Systems | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 67, 128, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combine | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.context | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupled | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.devices | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issues. | 136, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objects | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranging | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflect | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threats | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tightly | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 155, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.National | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contains | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describe | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directed | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embedded | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardware | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.includes | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mobility | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physical | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relation | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 133, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subtypes | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems. | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threats, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis. | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modelling | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviewed. | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Foundation | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scientific | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 156, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.components | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abstraction | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accordingly | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduced. | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introducing | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consequences | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corresponding | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cyber-Physical | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infrastructure | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virtualisation | 86, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety-critical | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virtualisation, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vritualisation; | 109 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5087501959 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141596103, https://openalex.org/I147554453, https://openalex.org/I83558840 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.92211233 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |