Sweat Na+/K+ ratio as a practical biological index for estimating sweating rate and salt loss rate Article Swipe
Naoki Gommori
,
Chikage Nagano
,
Takahiro Tanaka
,
Yuichiro Tanaka
,
Kimiyo Mori
,
Jinro Inoue
,
Shoko Kawanami
,
Seichi Horie
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066
Objectives: A simple method to clinically evaluate the sweating rate and the salt loss rate via sweating will enable the early detection of heat-related illness in workers. We measured K+ concentration in sweat and calculated Na+/K+ ratio to evaluate its utility for estimating sweating rate and salt loss rate. We hypothesized that compared with single electrolyte concentrations, Na+/K+ ratio would be less affected by the rapid evaporation of sweat. Methods: Thirteen healthy males exercised on a bicycle ergometer in an artificial climate room, and their sweating rates and Na+ and K+ concentrations in sweat were measured. We also compared sealed and open methods of sweat collection, which respectively prevent or permit evaporation of sweat from the collection area. Results: When sweating rate increased, Na+ concentration increased, and K+ concentration decreased. Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio was significantly lower among habitual exercisers. Sweating rate was more strongly associated with Na+/K+ ratio than with Na+ concentration. Similarly, the calculated NaCl loss rate was more strongly correlated with Na+/K+ ratio than with Na+ concentration. The open sweat collection method reliably demonstrated individual variation in Na+/K+ ratio. Conclusions: Na+/K+ ratio is more accurate than Na+ concentration for predicting sweating rate and the calculated NaCl loss rate because it accounts for individual sweat variation. Na+/K+ ratio is not influenced by sweat evaporation, and samples can be practically obtained by briefly applying absorbent paper to the skin surface.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066
- https://academic.oup.com/joh/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066/65406492/uiaf066.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W7106138160
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W7106138160Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Sweat Na+/K+ ratio as a practical biological index for estimating sweating rate and salt loss rateWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
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2025-11-20Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Naoki Gommori, Chikage Nagano, Takahiro Tanaka, Yuichiro Tanaka, Kimiyo Mori, Jinro Inoue, Shoko Kawanami, Seichi HorieList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://academic.oup.com/joh/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066/65406492/uiaf066.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://academic.oup.com/joh/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/joccuh/uiaf066/65406492/uiaf066.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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SWEAT, Chemistry, Perspiration, Salt (chemistry), Evaporation, Thermoregulation, Chromatography, Animal science, Skin temperature, Confidence interval, Medicine, Eccrine sweat gland, Limits of agreement, Rate ratioTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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