Synthesis, characterization and application of steel waste-based iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters Article Swipe

PDF

Tumutungire Mwebembezi , Joel Wakatuntu , Joseph Jjagwe , Christopher Kanyesigye , Robinah Kulabako , Peter Wilberforce Olupot ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153

Water treatment and reuse can avail more clean and safe water for human use. In this study, iron oxide waste powder generated from the steel pickling process was used to develop iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using solution gelation synthesis process. The powder and developed IONPs were characterized by X-ray fluorescence and diffraction (XRF, XRD), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Adsorption experiments were carried out on synthetic water with lead and chromium metal ions. The adsorption data were analysed with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Adsorption kinetics were also analysed with Pseudo-First-Order and Pseudo-Second-Order models using non-linear regression. The synthesized IONPs were porous with active surface functional groups of hydroxyl bonds, with BET specific surface area of 325.02 m²/g. XRD results confirmed the cubic spinel structure of IONPs with particle sizes of 20-30 nm. The nanoparticles at a dosage of 0.35 g in 10 mL for 50 min effectively removed Pb(II) and Cr(VI) metal ions up to 99.9% from both synthetic water and industrial wastewater. The adsorption capacity (q_max) of IONPs was found to be 417 and 326.80 for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) respectively. Freundlich isotherm model data fitted best for the removal of both metal ions. The regression values for kinetic models confirmed that pseudo-second-order best fit the adsorption of both Pb(II) and Cr(VI) confirming chemisorption processes. This study contributes to elucidating alternative application of pickling waste from the steel rolling mills for the benefit of heavy metal removal in industrial wastewater.

Related Topics

Adsorption

Langmuir Adsorption Model

Nuclear Chemistry

Chromium

Materials Science

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Concepts

Freundlich equation Adsorption Pickling Metal ions in aqueous solution Pyrolusite Langmuir adsorption model Iron oxide nanoparticles Nuclear chemistry BET theory Chromium Materials science Particle size Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Oxide Chemistry Iron oxide Langmuir Inorganic chemistry Metal Chemical engineering Metallurgy Organic chemistry Manganese Engineering Physical chemistry

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
PDF: http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024041847/pdf
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 13
References: 58
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4392859551

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4392859551

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Synthesis, characterization and application of steel waste-based iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2024

Year of publication
Publication date: 2024-03-01

Full publication date if available
Authors: Tumutungire Mwebembezi, Joel Wakatuntu, Joseph Jjagwe, Christopher Kanyesigye, Robinah Kulabako, Peter Wilberforce Olupot

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024041847/pdf

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: gold

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024041847/pdf

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Freundlich equation, Adsorption, Pickling, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Pyrolusite, Langmuir adsorption model, Iron oxide nanoparticles, Nuclear chemistry, BET theory, Chromium, Materials science, Particle size, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Oxide, Chemistry, Iron oxide, Langmuir, Inorganic chemistry, Metal, Chemical engineering, Metallurgy, Organic chemistry, Manganese, Engineering, Physical chemistry

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 13

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 11, 2024: 2

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 58

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4392859551
doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38524616
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4392859551
fwci	5.16021755
type	article
title	Synthesis, characterization and application of steel waste-based iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters
biblio.issue	6
biblio.volume	10
biblio.last_page	e28153
biblio.first_page	e28153
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10016
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/23
topics[0].field.display_name	Environmental Science
topics[0].score	0.9947999715805054
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2312
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Water Science and Technology
topics[0].display_name	Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T12078
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[1].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[1].score	0.9825999736785889
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2204
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Biomedical Engineering
topics[1].display_name	Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T11877
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/21
topics[2].field.display_name	Energy
topics[2].score	0.9387999773025513
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2105
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
topics[2].display_name	Iron oxide chemistry and applications
is_xpac	False
apc_list.value	1750
apc_list.currency	USD
apc_list.value_usd	1750
apc_paid.value	1750
apc_paid.currency	USD
apc_paid.value_usd	1750
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C112825004
concepts[0].level	3
concepts[0].score	0.7877634763717651
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1924292
concepts[0].display_name	Freundlich equation
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C150394285
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.7551714181900024
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254
concepts[1].display_name	Adsorption
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C2779641240
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.6823033690452576
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577889
concepts[2].display_name	Pickling
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C199164860
concepts[3].level	3
concepts[3].score	0.5702308416366577
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822745
concepts[3].display_name	Metal ions in aqueous solution
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2778818709
concepts[4].level	3
concepts[4].score	0.5362856388092041
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413293
concepts[4].display_name	Pyrolusite
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C12143843
concepts[5].level	3
concepts[5].score	0.5040627717971802
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6486358
concepts[5].display_name	Langmuir adsorption model
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C2778889443
concepts[6].level	3
concepts[6].score	0.502739667892456
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073014
concepts[6].display_name	Iron oxide nanoparticles
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C13965031
concepts[7].level	1
concepts[7].score	0.49591049551963806
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545
concepts[7].display_name	Nuclear chemistry
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C27923307
concepts[8].level	3
concepts[8].score	0.4687262773513794
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795838
concepts[8].display_name	BET theory
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C511782168
concepts[9].level	2
concepts[9].score	0.45726972818374634
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725
concepts[9].display_name	Chromium
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C192562407
concepts[10].level	0
concepts[10].score	0.45035725831985474
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736
concepts[10].display_name	Materials science
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C187530423
concepts[11].level	2
concepts[11].score	0.44710689783096313
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503
concepts[11].display_name	Particle size
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C160892712
concepts[12].level	2
concepts[12].score	0.4455304741859436
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559
concepts[12].display_name	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C2779851234
concepts[13].level	2
concepts[13].score	0.44548359513282776
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690
concepts[13].display_name	Oxide
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C185592680
concepts[14].level	0
concepts[14].score	0.43020883202552795
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329
concepts[14].display_name	Chemistry
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C2777697756
concepts[15].level	2
concepts[15].score	0.42613059282302856
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721849
concepts[15].display_name	Iron oxide
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C115958267
concepts[16].level	3
concepts[16].score	0.41972577571868896
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464196
concepts[16].display_name	Langmuir
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C179104552
concepts[17].level	1
concepts[17].score	0.3754425644874573
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165
concepts[17].display_name	Inorganic chemistry
concepts[18].id	https://openalex.org/C544153396
concepts[18].level	2
concepts[18].score	0.35442042350769043
concepts[18].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426
concepts[18].display_name	Metal
concepts[19].id	https://openalex.org/C42360764
concepts[19].level	1
concepts[19].score	0.3304256498813629
concepts[19].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588
concepts[19].display_name	Chemical engineering
concepts[20].id	https://openalex.org/C191897082
concepts[20].level	1
concepts[20].score	0.28686487674713135
concepts[20].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467
concepts[20].display_name	Metallurgy
concepts[21].id	https://openalex.org/C178790620
concepts[21].level	1
concepts[21].score	0.13887354731559753
concepts[21].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351
concepts[21].display_name	Organic chemistry
concepts[22].id	https://openalex.org/C528890316
concepts[22].level	2
concepts[22].score	0.12406334280967712
concepts[22].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q731
concepts[22].display_name	Manganese
concepts[23].id	https://openalex.org/C127413603
concepts[23].level	0
concepts[23].score	0.0
concepts[23].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023
concepts[23].display_name	Engineering
concepts[24].id	https://openalex.org/C147789679
concepts[24].level	1
concepts[24].score	0.0
concepts[24].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372
concepts[24].display_name	Physical chemistry
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/freundlich-equation
keywords[0].score	0.7877634763717651
keywords[0].display_name	Freundlich equation
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption
keywords[1].score	0.7551714181900024
keywords[1].display_name	Adsorption
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/pickling
keywords[2].score	0.6823033690452576
keywords[2].display_name	Pickling
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-ions-in-aqueous-solution
keywords[3].score	0.5702308416366577
keywords[3].display_name	Metal ions in aqueous solution
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolusite
keywords[4].score	0.5362856388092041
keywords[4].display_name	Pyrolusite
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/langmuir-adsorption-model
keywords[5].score	0.5040627717971802
keywords[5].display_name	Langmuir adsorption model
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-oxide-nanoparticles
keywords[6].score	0.502739667892456
keywords[6].display_name	Iron oxide nanoparticles
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-chemistry
keywords[7].score	0.49591049551963806
keywords[7].display_name	Nuclear chemistry
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/bet-theory
keywords[8].score	0.4687262773513794
keywords[8].display_name	BET theory
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium
keywords[9].score	0.45726972818374634
keywords[9].display_name	Chromium
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science
keywords[10].score	0.45035725831985474
keywords[10].display_name	Materials science
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size
keywords[11].score	0.44710689783096313
keywords[11].display_name	Particle size
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy
keywords[12].score	0.4455304741859436
keywords[12].display_name	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide
keywords[13].score	0.44548359513282776
keywords[13].display_name	Oxide
keywords[14].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry
keywords[14].score	0.43020883202552795
keywords[14].display_name	Chemistry
keywords[15].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-oxide
keywords[15].score	0.42613059282302856
keywords[15].display_name	Iron oxide
keywords[16].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/langmuir
keywords[16].score	0.41972577571868896
keywords[16].display_name	Langmuir
keywords[17].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/inorganic-chemistry
keywords[17].score	0.3754425644874573
keywords[17].display_name	Inorganic chemistry
keywords[18].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/metal
keywords[18].score	0.35442042350769043
keywords[18].display_name	Metal
keywords[19].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering
keywords[19].score	0.3304256498813629
keywords[19].display_name	Chemical engineering
keywords[20].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy
keywords[20].score	0.28686487674713135
keywords[20].display_name	Metallurgy
keywords[21].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry
keywords[21].score	0.13887354731559753
keywords[21].display_name	Organic chemistry
keywords[22].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese
keywords[22].score	0.12406334280967712
keywords[22].display_name	Manganese
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2898612692
locations[0].source.issn	2405-8440
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l	2405-8440
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	True
locations[0].source.display_name	Heliyon
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320990
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Elsevier BV
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320990
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Elsevier BV
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024041847/pdf
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Heliyon
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
locations[1].id	pmid:38524616
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Heliyon
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38524616
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09fcb2b409734e1fa6dceb93da0a5466
locations[2].is_oa	False
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306401280
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
locations[2].source.host_organization
locations[2].source.host_organization_name
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	article
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 6, Pp e28153- (2024)
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://doaj.org/article/09fcb2b409734e1fa6dceb93da0a5466
indexed_in	crossref, doaj, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5094166530
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	Tumutungire Mwebembezi
authorships[0].countries	UG
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03dmz0111
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	UG
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Makerere University
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Tumutungire Mwebembezi
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5089197939
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-7373
authorships[1].author.display_name	Joel Wakatuntu
authorships[1].countries	UG
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03dmz0111
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	UG
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Makerere University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Joel Wakatuntu
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5059278609
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-8587
authorships[2].author.display_name	Joseph Jjagwe
authorships[2].countries	UG
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03dmz0111
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	UG
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	Makerere University
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Joseph Jjagwe
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5052886392
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-8276
authorships[3].author.display_name	Christopher Kanyesigye
authorships[3].countries	UG
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1286962768
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Plot 3, Nakasero P.O BOX 7053 Kampala, Uganda
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1286962768
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/023s8ys65
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	government
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1286962768, https://openalex.org/I4210154618
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	UG
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	National Water and Sewerage Corporation
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Christopher Kanyesigye
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Plot 3, Nakasero P.O BOX 7053 Kampala, Uganda
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5018750062
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4934-1116
authorships[4].author.display_name	Robinah Kulabako
authorships[4].countries	UG
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03dmz0111
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	UG
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	Makerere University
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Robinah N. Kulabako
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5051087821
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-5306
authorships[5].author.display_name	Peter Wilberforce Olupot
authorships[5].countries	UG
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03dmz0111
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I72227227
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	UG
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	Makerere University
authorships[5].author_position	last
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Peter Wilberforce Olupot
authorships[5].is_corresponding	True
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala-Uganda
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024041847/pdf
open_access.oa_status	gold
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Synthesis, characterization and application of steel waste-based iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10016
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/23
primary_topic.field.display_name	Environmental Science
primary_topic.score	0.9947999715805054
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2312
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Water Science and Technology
primary_topic.display_name	Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2938499085, https://openalex.org/W1583027113, https://openalex.org/W4211114255, https://openalex.org/W1973650127, https://openalex.org/W2022139085, https://openalex.org/W4386686612, https://openalex.org/W2005669415, https://openalex.org/W3048351498, https://openalex.org/W4220843667, https://openalex.org/W1983003170
cited_by_count	13
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	11
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	2
locations_count	3
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S2898612692
best_oa_location.source.issn	2405-8440
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	2405-8440
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Heliyon
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320990
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Elsevier BV
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320990
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Elsevier BV
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024041847/pdf
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Heliyon
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
primary_location.id	doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S2898612692
primary_location.source.issn	2405-8440
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l	2405-8440
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	True
primary_location.source.display_name	Heliyon
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320990
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Elsevier BV
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320990
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Elsevier BV
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024041847/pdf
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Heliyon
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28153
publication_date	2024-03-01
publication_year	2024
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2919629449, https://openalex.org/W2243650932, https://openalex.org/W3007246056, https://openalex.org/W4293700664, https://openalex.org/W3161164993, https://openalex.org/W2917183108, https://openalex.org/W6780459406, https://openalex.org/W3134056156, https://openalex.org/W4281768512, https://openalex.org/W2797332089, https://openalex.org/W1998552050, https://openalex.org/W2883000980, https://openalex.org/W3037977232, https://openalex.org/W2994868735, https://openalex.org/W3092945927, https://openalex.org/W4212813053, https://openalex.org/W4378450699, https://openalex.org/W3163850738, https://openalex.org/W3040448725, https://openalex.org/W3024272962, https://openalex.org/W2078384996, https://openalex.org/W3081038521, https://openalex.org/W3093200085, https://openalex.org/W1547645568, https://openalex.org/W6755772641, https://openalex.org/W629631834, https://openalex.org/W2000852835, https://openalex.org/W2945012224, https://openalex.org/W2964120077, https://openalex.org/W2107094059, https://openalex.org/W2519633402, https://openalex.org/W3094430840, https://openalex.org/W2326812279, https://openalex.org/W2034177552, https://openalex.org/W2027081128, https://openalex.org/W6623388345, https://openalex.org/W1452302918, https://openalex.org/W4313894117, https://openalex.org/W1844766463, https://openalex.org/W3008795867, https://openalex.org/W3172054220, https://openalex.org/W2804246366, https://openalex.org/W6725293291, https://openalex.org/W2742291446, https://openalex.org/W3016058779, https://openalex.org/W4388450564, https://openalex.org/W3163955863, https://openalex.org/W3119756561, https://openalex.org/W2980500005, https://openalex.org/W2902161662, https://openalex.org/W2967328676, https://openalex.org/W1972202821, https://openalex.org/W2289059756, https://openalex.org/W2949991242, https://openalex.org/W4240112750, https://openalex.org/W2898189933, https://openalex.org/W3041265491, https://openalex.org/W2508607410
referenced_works_count	58
abstract_inverted_index.a	140
abstract_inverted_index.g	144
abstract_inverted_index.10	146
abstract_inverted_index.50	149
abstract_inverted_index.In	14
abstract_inverted_index.at	139
abstract_inverted_index.be	177
abstract_inverted_index.by	47
abstract_inverted_index.in	145, 242
abstract_inverted_index.mL	147
abstract_inverted_index.of	111, 119, 129, 134, 142, 172, 195, 212, 227, 238
abstract_inverted_index.on	69
abstract_inverted_index.to	29, 159, 176, 223
abstract_inverted_index.up	158
abstract_inverted_index.417	178
abstract_inverted_index.BET	115
abstract_inverted_index.The	40, 78, 101, 137, 168, 199
abstract_inverted_index.XRD	122
abstract_inverted_index.and	2, 8, 42, 50, 60, 74, 85, 95, 154, 165, 179, 183, 215
abstract_inverted_index.can	4
abstract_inverted_index.fit	209
abstract_inverted_index.for	11, 148, 181, 192, 202, 235
abstract_inverted_index.min	150
abstract_inverted_index.nm.	136
abstract_inverted_index.out	68
abstract_inverted_index.the	23, 125, 193, 210, 231, 236
abstract_inverted_index.was	27, 174
abstract_inverted_index.0.35	143
abstract_inverted_index.This	220
abstract_inverted_index.also	91
abstract_inverted_index.area	118
abstract_inverted_index.best	191, 208
abstract_inverted_index.both	162, 196, 213
abstract_inverted_index.data	80, 189
abstract_inverted_index.from	22, 161, 230
abstract_inverted_index.ions	157
abstract_inverted_index.iron	17, 31
abstract_inverted_index.lead	73
abstract_inverted_index.more	6
abstract_inverted_index.safe	9
abstract_inverted_index.that	206
abstract_inverted_index.this	15
abstract_inverted_index.use.	13
abstract_inverted_index.used	28
abstract_inverted_index.were	45, 66, 81, 90, 104
abstract_inverted_index.with	72, 83, 93, 106, 114, 131
abstract_inverted_index.(BET)	62
abstract_inverted_index.(XRF,	52
abstract_inverted_index.20-30	135
abstract_inverted_index.99.9%	160
abstract_inverted_index.IONPs	44, 103, 130, 173
abstract_inverted_index.Water	0
abstract_inverted_index.X-ray	48
abstract_inverted_index.XRD),	53
abstract_inverted_index.avail	5
abstract_inverted_index.clean	7
abstract_inverted_index.cubic	126
abstract_inverted_index.found	175
abstract_inverted_index.heavy	239
abstract_inverted_index.human	12
abstract_inverted_index.ions.	77, 198
abstract_inverted_index.metal	76, 156, 197, 240
abstract_inverted_index.mills	234
abstract_inverted_index.model	188
abstract_inverted_index.oxide	18, 32
abstract_inverted_index.reuse	3
abstract_inverted_index.sizes	133
abstract_inverted_index.steel	24, 232
abstract_inverted_index.study	221
abstract_inverted_index.using	35, 98
abstract_inverted_index.waste	19, 229
abstract_inverted_index.water	10, 71, 164
abstract_inverted_index.325.02	120
abstract_inverted_index.326.80	180
abstract_inverted_index.Cr(VI)	155, 184, 216
abstract_inverted_index.Pb(II)	153, 182, 214
abstract_inverted_index.active	107
abstract_inverted_index.bonds,	113
abstract_inverted_index.dosage	141
abstract_inverted_index.fitted	190
abstract_inverted_index.groups	110
abstract_inverted_index.models	97, 204
abstract_inverted_index.porous	105
abstract_inverted_index.powder	20, 41
abstract_inverted_index.spinel	127
abstract_inverted_index.study,	16
abstract_inverted_index.values	201
abstract_inverted_index.(IONPs)	34
abstract_inverted_index.benefit	237
abstract_inverted_index.carried	67
abstract_inverted_index.develop	30
abstract_inverted_index.kinetic	203
abstract_inverted_index.models.	87
abstract_inverted_index.process	26
abstract_inverted_index.removal	194, 241
abstract_inverted_index.removed	152
abstract_inverted_index.results	123
abstract_inverted_index.rolling	233
abstract_inverted_index.surface	108, 117
abstract_inverted_index.Langmuir	84
abstract_inverted_index.analysed	82, 92
abstract_inverted_index.capacity	170
abstract_inverted_index.chromium	75
abstract_inverted_index.electron	55
abstract_inverted_index.gelation	37
abstract_inverted_index.hydroxyl	112
abstract_inverted_index.infrared	58
abstract_inverted_index.isotherm	187
abstract_inverted_index.kinetics	89
abstract_inverted_index.particle	132
abstract_inverted_index.pickling	25, 228
abstract_inverted_index.process.	39
abstract_inverted_index.scanning	54
abstract_inverted_index.solution	36
abstract_inverted_index.specific	116
abstract_inverted_index.analyses.	63
abstract_inverted_index.confirmed	124, 205
abstract_inverted_index.developed	43
abstract_inverted_index.generated	21
abstract_inverted_index.structure	128
abstract_inverted_index.synthesis	38
abstract_inverted_index.synthetic	70, 163
abstract_inverted_index.treatment	1
abstract_inverted_index.Adsorption	64, 88
abstract_inverted_index.Freundlich	86, 186
abstract_inverted_index.adsorption	79, 169, 211
abstract_inverted_index.confirming	217
abstract_inverted_index.functional	109
abstract_inverted_index.industrial	166, 243
abstract_inverted_index.non-linear	99
abstract_inverted_index.processes.	219
abstract_inverted_index.regression	200
abstract_inverted_index.alternative	225
abstract_inverted_index.application	226
abstract_inverted_index.contributes	222
abstract_inverted_index.diffraction	51
abstract_inverted_index.effectively	151
abstract_inverted_index.elucidating	224
abstract_inverted_index.experiments	65
abstract_inverted_index.microscopy,	56
abstract_inverted_index.regression.	100
abstract_inverted_index.synthesized	102
abstract_inverted_index.wastewater.	167, 244
abstract_inverted_index.fluorescence	49
abstract_inverted_index.characterized	46
abstract_inverted_index.chemisorption	218
abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles	33, 138
abstract_inverted_index.respectively.	185
abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy,	59
abstract_inverted_index.m<sup>2</sup>/g.	121
abstract_inverted_index.(q<sub>max</sub>)	171
abstract_inverted_index.Fourier-transform	57
abstract_inverted_index.Pseudo-First-Order	94
abstract_inverted_index.Pseudo-Second-Order	96
abstract_inverted_index.pseudo-second-order	207
abstract_inverted_index.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller	61
cited_by_percentile_year.max	99
cited_by_percentile_year.min	94
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5051087821
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	6
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I72227227
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.550000011920929
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Clean water and sanitation
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.92025584
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True