Techno‐Economic Analysis of Polylactic Acid from Corn Stover: Understanding Uncertainty and Variability via Artificial Intelligence Tools Article Swipe
Yinqiao Wang
,
Jiawei Huang
,
Chuan Xu
,
Sipan Liu
,
Junwei Li
,
Kai Lan
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865
As a renewable and bio‐based material, polylactic acid (PLA) can provide long‐term sustainable environmental benefits. This study focused on analyzing the economic performance of PLA production from corn stover at a large scale in the U.S. A modeling framework is established that integrates techno‐economic analysis with the process model developed in Aspen Plus and Monte Carlo simulation that analyzes the corresponding uncertainty and variability across the system. Monte Carlo simulation is enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) models, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Random Forest. This established framework aims at streamlining the process that requires high computational time and developing an easy‐access analysis tool. Scenario analysis investigated different energy options and biorefinery lifespans. The results indicate that the mean minimum selling price of 1 t PLA is $2523 (5th percentile–95th percentile (P5–P95) $2 107–$2 940) for a 30‐year lifespan using natural gas as the energy source, $2,731 (P5–P95 $2 400–$3 076) for a 10‐year lifespan using natural gas for extra energy, and $2 637 (P5–P95 $2 370–$2 903) for a 30‐year lifespan using wood pellets for additional energy. Both AI models demonstrate the ability to predict economic performance by showing relatively high prediction accuracy, but the ANN model exhibits better performance.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865
- OA Status
- hybrid
- References
- 83
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4415566267
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4415566267Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Techno‐Economic Analysis of Polylactic Acid from Corn Stover: Understanding Uncertainty and Variability via Artificial Intelligence ToolsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-10-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Yinqiao Wang, Jiawei Huang, Chuan Xu, Sipan Liu, Junwei Li, Kai LanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
83Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4415566267 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4415566267 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Techno‐Economic Analysis of Polylactic Acid from Corn Stover: Understanding Uncertainty and Variability via Artificial Intelligence Tools |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10661 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2502 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Biomaterials |
| topics[0].display_name | biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10783 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.98580002784729 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2203 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Automotive Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10753 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9478999972343445 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2310 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Pollution |
| topics[2].display_name | Microplastics and Plastic Pollution |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 4020 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 4020 |
| apc_paid.value | 4020 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 4020 |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210217307 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2366-7486 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2366-7486 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Advanced Sustainable Systems |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Advanced Sustainable Systems |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5109738676 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Yinqiao Wang |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04tj63d06 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | North Carolina State University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Yinqiao Wang |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100601282 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-2971 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jiawei Huang |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04tj63d06 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | North Carolina State University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jiawei Huang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024713117 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-7833 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Chuan Xu |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I122754148 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | SAS Institute Cary NC 27513 USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I122754148 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01093z329 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I122754148 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | SAS Institute (United States) |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Chuan Xu |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | SAS Institute Cary NC 27513 USA |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5109738677 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sipan Liu |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04tj63d06 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | North Carolina State University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sipan Liu |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100374864 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-1396 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Junwei Li |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I122754148 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | SAS Institute Cary NC 27513 USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I122754148 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01093z329 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I122754148 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | SAS Institute (United States) |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Junwei Li |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | SAS Institute Cary NC 27513 USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077259839 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4622-6326 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Kai Lan |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04tj63d06 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I137902535 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | North Carolina State University |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Kai Lan |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-28T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Techno‐Economic Analysis of Polylactic Acid from Corn Stover: Understanding Uncertainty and Variability via Artificial Intelligence Tools |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-12-07T23:40:59.601060 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10661 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2502 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Biomaterials |
| primary_topic.display_name | biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210217307 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2366-7486 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2366-7486 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Advanced Sustainable Systems |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Advanced Sustainable Systems |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210217307 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2366-7486 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2366-7486 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Advanced Sustainable Systems |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Advanced Sustainable Systems |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.202500865 |
| publication_date | 2025-10-26 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3003569118, https://openalex.org/W3114539890, https://openalex.org/W4391999377, https://openalex.org/W4399211161, https://openalex.org/W4401741651, https://openalex.org/W2737217596, https://openalex.org/W4400082456, https://openalex.org/W4310981953, https://openalex.org/W2957208881, https://openalex.org/W2011332716, https://openalex.org/W4281728234, https://openalex.org/W4366267484, https://openalex.org/W4394693384, https://openalex.org/W2336243678, https://openalex.org/W2320158701, https://openalex.org/W3200977105, https://openalex.org/W4409318876, https://openalex.org/W4400472629, https://openalex.org/W4411188015, https://openalex.org/W3185956774, https://openalex.org/W3135115577, https://openalex.org/W4403097105, https://openalex.org/W4292470428, https://openalex.org/W4408344153, https://openalex.org/W3085940658, https://openalex.org/W4391741360, https://openalex.org/W3204661185, https://openalex.org/W2793167743, https://openalex.org/W4295957482, https://openalex.org/W4282945936, https://openalex.org/W3206662629, https://openalex.org/W4405221451, https://openalex.org/W4406180614, https://openalex.org/W3214529957, https://openalex.org/W4385632700, https://openalex.org/W4409717023, https://openalex.org/W4286447973, https://openalex.org/W3097892434, https://openalex.org/W4353094253, https://openalex.org/W3045660578, https://openalex.org/W4389092649, https://openalex.org/W1579312372, https://openalex.org/W2496604503, https://openalex.org/W2115152975, https://openalex.org/W3003641122, https://openalex.org/W2057843808, https://openalex.org/W1576129734, https://openalex.org/W2564317655, https://openalex.org/W2054962583, https://openalex.org/W2041169847, https://openalex.org/W1974664624, https://openalex.org/W2975375469, https://openalex.org/W3001407797, https://openalex.org/W2980606810, https://openalex.org/W4249026407, https://openalex.org/W2046488007, https://openalex.org/W4390331417, https://openalex.org/W2969743965, https://openalex.org/W2034159934, https://openalex.org/W2134050576, https://openalex.org/W4309695128, https://openalex.org/W2334130939, https://openalex.org/W2290632334, https://openalex.org/W3188178405, https://openalex.org/W4393237298, https://openalex.org/W2890029270, https://openalex.org/W2094653213, https://openalex.org/W4382655211, https://openalex.org/W4220963520, https://openalex.org/W4220824860, https://openalex.org/W2911964244, https://openalex.org/W4388838881, https://openalex.org/W4406169256, https://openalex.org/W2780265514, https://openalex.org/W3179688523, https://openalex.org/W2031739941, https://openalex.org/W2042611312, https://openalex.org/W2919819237, https://openalex.org/W4413857725, https://openalex.org/W2981490375, https://openalex.org/W2215053589, https://openalex.org/W2184078581, https://openalex.org/W2971404471 |
| referenced_works_count | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 2, 31, 137, 153, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.t | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$2 | 133, 149, 163, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AI | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 30, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 73, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 34, 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 40, 71, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 24, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.637 | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ANN | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PLA | 25, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 4, 54, 63, 83, 99, 111, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 136, 152, 159, 169, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gas | 142, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 21, 35, 47, 60, 66, 92, 118, 144, 183, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(5th | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(AI) | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.076) | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.903) | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.940) | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Both | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Plus | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 16, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.U.S. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acid | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aims | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corn | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 96, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 42, 58, 94, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wood | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$2523 | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ANN) | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PLA) | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Aspen | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Carlo | 56, 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Monte | 55, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extra | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 49, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.price | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tool. | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 140, 156, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$2,731 | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neural | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Random | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 109, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.namely | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stover | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Forest. | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Network | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enabled | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focused | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimum | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models, | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.natural | 141, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.options | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pellets | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predict | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 48, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selling | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showing | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.source, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system. | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.107–$2 | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.370–$2 | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.400–$3 | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scenario | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 45, 103, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzes | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 22, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibits | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lifespan | 139, 155, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modeling | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requires | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(P5–P95 | 148, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10‐year | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.30‐year | 138, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy, | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzing | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefits. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developed | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 39, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material, | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.renewable | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(P5–P95) | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Artificial | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.artificial | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developing | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrates | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lifespans. | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.percentile | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polylactic | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prediction | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relatively | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 57, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biorefinery | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bio‐based | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 41, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long‐term | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 23, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainable | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertainty | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variability | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligence | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigated | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.streamlining | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computational | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corresponding | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.easy‐access | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.percentile–95th | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techno‐economic | 44 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.41716655 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |