PhotoniX • Vol 6 • No 1
Terahertz all-optical analog differential operator based on diffractive neural networks
December 2025 • D.C. Cai, Cong Wang, Xumin Ding
Abstract Terahertz (THz) communication has emerged as one of the key technologies for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. Nevertheless, the transition to higher operational frequencies poses various challenges including high-speed digital-to-analog conversion (DACs) and analog-to-digital conversion (ADCs), heterogeneous integration of optoelectronic devices, resulting in an urgent need for solutions. In this paper, we demonstrate a groundbreaking THz analog differential operator driven by diffractive neural n…