Testing general relativity with gravitational waves -- improving and extending Modified Dispersion Relation tests Article Swipe

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Tomasz Baka , B. Cirok , K. Haris , Johannes Noller , N. V. Krishnendu ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.00497

Searching for a modified dispersion relation is one of the general relativity tests performed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration with each new cumulative Gravitational Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC). It considers classes of theories that modify the dispersion of gravitational waves by introducing a massive graviton or breaking Lorentz invariance. The symmetry breaking is parameterized phenomenologically by a momentum power law term $p^α$ added to the dispersion relation, with the test placing constraints on the amplitude $A_α$ of the introduced deviation. In this work, we implement improvements to the test, chief among them group velocity parametrization, a better sampling procedure, and extension to negative exponents $α$ of $p$. We then reanalyze the events from the third catalog, GWTC-3, with our improved method. Compared with GWTC-3 results, we find significant improvement, mostly from the improved sampling method, in the posteriors obtained by analyzing individual event and more modest improvements in the combined bounds on amplitude parameters $A_α$ -- on average, we observe 19% shrinking of posterior width. The 90% upper bound on the graviton mass changes from $2.42 \times 10^{-11}$ peV to $2.21 \times 10^{-11}$ peV. For the extension of our test to $α\in \{-1, -2, -3\}$, we find no evidence in favor of general relativity violation.

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Type: preprint
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00497
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.00497
OA Status: green
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4415937815

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.00497

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Title: Testing general relativity with gravitational waves -- improving and extending Modified Dispersion Relation tests

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Type: preprint

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-11-01

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Authors: Tomasz Baka, B. Cirok, K. Haris, Johannes Noller, N. V. Krishnendu

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Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00497

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