The Accuracy of Envelope Following Responses in Predicting Speech Audibility Article Swipe
Vijayalakshmi Easwar
,
Jen Birstler
,
Adrienne L. Harrison
,
Susan Scollie
,
David W. Purcell
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000892
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000892
Objectives: The present study aimed to (1) evaluate the accuracy of envelope following responses (EFRs) in predicting speech audibility as a function of the statistical indicator used for objective response detection, stimulus phoneme, frequency, and level, and (2) quantify the minimum sensation level (SL; stimulus level above behavioral threshold) needed for detecting EFRs. Design: In 21 participants with normal hearing, EFRs were elicited by 8 band-limited phonemes in the male-spoken token /susa∫i/ (2.05 sec) presented between 20 and 65 dB SPL in 15 dB increments. Vowels in /susa∫i/ were modified to elicit two EFRs simultaneously by selectively lowering the fundamental frequency ( f 0 ) in the first formant (F1) region. The modified vowels elicited one EFR from the low-frequency F1 and another from the mid-frequency second and higher formants (F2+). Fricatives were amplitude-modulated at the average f 0 . EFRs were extracted from single-channel EEG recorded between the vertex (C z ) and the nape of the neck when /susa∫i/ was presented monaurally for 450 sweeps. The performance of the three statistical indicators, F-test, Hotelling’s T 2 , and phase coherence, was compared against behaviorally determined audibility (estimated SL, SL ≥0 dB = audible) using area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve, sensitivity (the proportion of audible speech with a detectable EFR [true positive rate]), and specificity (the proportion of inaudible speech with an undetectable EFR [true negative rate]). The influence of stimulus phoneme, frequency, and level on the accuracy of EFRs in predicting speech audibility was assessed by comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV; the proportion of detected EFRs elicited by audible stimuli) and negative predictive value (NPV; the proportion of undetected EFRs elicited by inaudible stimuli). The minimum SL needed for detection was evaluated using a linear mixed-effects model with the predictor variables stimulus and EFR detection p value. Results: of the 3 statistical indicators were similar; however, at the type I error rate of 5%, the sensitivities of Hotelling’s T 2 (68.4%) and phase coherence (68.8%) were significantly higher than the F-test (59.5%). In contrast, the specificity of the F-test (97.3%) was significantly higher than the Hotelling’s T 2 (88.4%). When analyzed using Hotelling’s T 2 as a function of stimulus, fricatives offered higher sensitivity (88.6 to 90.6%) and NPV (57.9 to 76.0%) compared with most vowel stimuli (51.9 to 71.4% and 11.6 to 51.3%, respectively). When analyzed as a function of frequency band (F1, F2+, and fricatives aggregated as low-, mid- and high-frequencies, respectively), high-frequency stimuli offered the highest sensitivity (96.9%) and NPV (88.9%). When analyzed as a function of test level, sensitivity improved with increases in stimulus level (99.4% at 65 dB SPL). The minimum SL for EFR detection ranged between 13.4 and 21.7 dB for F1 stimuli, 7.8 to 12.2 dB for F2+ stimuli, and 2.3 to 3.9 dB for fricative stimuli. Conclusions: EFR-based inference of speech audibility requires consideration of the statistical indicator used, phoneme, stimulus frequency, and stimulus level.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000892
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 13
- References
- 64
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3047627873
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W3047627873Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000892Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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The Accuracy of Envelope Following Responses in Predicting Speech AudibilityWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2020Year of publication
- Publication date
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2020-07-15Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Vijayalakshmi Easwar, Jen Birstler, Adrienne L. Harrison, Susan Scollie, David W. PurcellList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000892Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8132745Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Formant, Audiology, Stimulus (psychology), Mathematics, Correlation, Speech recognition, Acoustics, Vowel, Statistics, Psychology, Medicine, Computer science, Physics, Geometry, PsychotherapistTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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13Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2024: 1, 2023: 2, 2022: 6, 2021: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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64Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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