The Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Effector BxNMP1 Targets PtTLP-L2 to Mediate PtGLU Promoting Parasitism and Virulence in Pinus thunbergii Article Swipe
Dan Yang
,
Lin Rui
,
Yi‐Jun Qiu
,
Tong‐Yue Wen
,
Jianren Ye
,
Xiao‐Qin Wu
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137452
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137452
Pinus is an important economic tree species, but pine wilt disease (PWD) seriously threatens the survival of pine trees. PWD caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a major quarantine disease worldwide that causes significant economic losses. However, more information about its molecular pathogenesis is needed, resulting in a lack of effective prevention and treatment measures. In recent years, effectors have become a hot topic in exploring the molecular pathogenic mechanism of pathogens. Here, we identified a specific effector, BxNMP1, from B. xylophilus. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that BxNMP1 was specifically expressed in dorsal gland cells and intestinal cells, and RT–qPCR experiments revealed that BxNMP1 was upregulated in the early stage of infection. The sequence of BxNMP1 was different in the avirulent strain, and when BxNMP1-silenced B. xylophilus was inoculated into P. thunbergii seedlings, the disease severity significantly decreased. We demonstrated that BxNMP1 interacted with the thaumatin-like protein PtTLP-L2 in P. thunbergii. Additionally, we found that the β-1,3-glucanase PtGLU interacted with PtTLP-L2. Therefore, we hypothesized that BxNMP1 might indirectly interact with PtGLU through PtTLP-L2 as an intermediate mediator. Both targets can respond to infection, and PtTLP-L2 can enhance the resistance of pine trees. Moreover, we detected increased salicylic acid contents in P. thunbergii seedlings inoculated with B. xylophilus when BxNMP1 was silenced or when the PtTLP-L2 recombinant protein was added. In summary, we identified a key virulence effector of PWNs, BxNMP1. It positively regulates the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus and interacts directly with PtTLP-L2 and indirectly with PtGLU. It also inhibits the expression of two targets and the host salicylic acid pathway. This study provides theoretical guidance and a practical basis for controlling PWD and breeding for disease resistance.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137452
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 66
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4400410095
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4400410095Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137452Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
The Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Effector BxNMP1 Targets PtTLP-L2 to Mediate PtGLU Promoting Parasitism and Virulence in Pinus thunbergiiWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-07-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Dan Yang, Lin Rui, Yi‐Jun Qiu, Tong‐Yue Wen, Jianren Ye, Xiao‐Qin WuList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137452Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137452Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Xylophilus, Pinus thunbergii, Effector, Virulence, Biology, Wilt disease, Microbiology, Inoculation, Nematode, Botany, Cell biology, Gene, Genetics, Ecology, ImmunologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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66Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.measures. | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mediator. | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.molecular | 40, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practical | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulates | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulting | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salicylic | 196, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seedlings | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seriously | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.threatens | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatment | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.virulence | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worldwide | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreased. | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 73, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indirectly | 167, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection, | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infection. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inoculated | 128, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interacted | 142, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intestinal | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogenic | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogens. | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positively | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quarantine | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seedlings, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thunbergii | 131, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.xylophilus | 23, 126, 206, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlling | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiments | 84, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recombinant | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance. | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretical | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thunbergii. | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upregulated | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.xylophilus. | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypothesized | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intermediate | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogenesis | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifically | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additionally, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hybridization | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathogenicity | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thaumatin-like | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Bursaphelenchus | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BxNMP1-silenced | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.β-1,3-glucanase | 156 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5086065255, https://openalex.org/A5091309158 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I167027274 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.85743438 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |