The development of ecological systems along paths of least resistance Article Swipe
Jie Deng
,
Otto X. Cordero
,
Tadashi Fukami
,
Simon A. Levin
,
Robert M. Pringle
,
Ricard V. Solé
,
Serguei Saavedra
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194
A long-standing question in biology is whether there are common principles that characterize the development of ecological systems (the appearance of a group of taxa), regardless of organismal diversity and environmental context. Classic ecological theory holds that these systems develop following a sequenced orderly process that generally proceeds from fast-growing to slow-growing taxa and depends on life-history trade-offs. However, it is also possible that this developmental order is simply the path with the least environmental resistance for survival of the component species and hence favored by probability alone. Here, we use theory and data to show that the order from fast-to slow-growing taxa is the most likely developmental path for diverse systems when local taxon interactions self-organize to minimize environmental resistance. First, we demonstrate theoretically that a sequenced development is more likely than a simultaneous one, at least until the number of iterations becomes so large as to be ecologically implausible. We then show that greater diversity of taxa and life histories improves the likelihood of a sequenced order from fast-to slow-growing taxa. Using data from bacterial and metazoan systems, we present empirical evidence that the developmental order of ecological systems moves along the paths of least environmental resistance. The capacity of simple principles to explain the trend in the developmental order of diverse ecological systems paves the way to an enhanced understanding of the collective features characterizing the diversity of life.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 84
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4400105751
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4400105751Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
The development of ecological systems along paths of least resistanceWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-06-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Jie Deng, Otto X. Cordero, Tadashi Fukami, Simon A. Levin, Robert M. Pringle, Ricard V. Solé, Serguei SaavedraList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Taxon, Resistance (ecology), Context (archaeology), Ecological systems theory, Ecology, Biology, Path (computing), Order (exchange), Diversity (politics), Process (computing), Computer science, Economics, Sociology, Paleontology, Finance, Operating system, Anthropology, Programming languageTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
84Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4400105751 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4400105751 |
| fwci | 2.09598175 |
| type | preprint |
| title | The development of ecological systems along paths of least resistance |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11252 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Sociology and Political Science |
| topics[0].display_name | Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11764 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9958999752998352 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1311 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Genetics |
| topics[1].display_name | Evolution and Genetic Dynamics |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13377 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9757000207901001 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[2].display_name | Ecosystem dynamics and resilience |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71640776 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7280572056770325 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Taxon |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C57473165 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6673723459243774 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Resistance (ecology) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2779343474 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6398727893829346 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Context (archaeology) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C47318914 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6236842274665833 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295872 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Ecological systems theory |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6071394085884094 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5490012764930725 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2777735758 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5157618522644043 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Path (computing) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C182306322 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5023212432861328 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Order (exchange) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2781316041 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4495576024055481 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Diversity (politics) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C98045186 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.44476258754730225 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Process (computing) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.1459347903728485 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0810544490814209 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C144024400 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.07361161708831787 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Sociology |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C151730666 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Paleontology |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C10138342 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Finance |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C19165224 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Anthropology |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Programming language |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/taxon |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7280572056770325 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Taxon |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6673723459243774 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Resistance (ecology) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/context |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6398727893829346 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Context (archaeology) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-systems-theory |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6236842274665833 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Ecological systems theory |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6071394085884094 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Ecology |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5490012764930725 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/path |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5157618522644043 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Path (computing) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/order |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5023212432861328 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Order (exchange) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4495576024055481 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Diversity (politics) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/process |
| keywords[9].score | 0.44476258754730225 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Process (computing) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[10].score | 0.1459347903728485 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[11].score | 0.0810544490814209 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology |
| keywords[12].score | 0.07361161708831787 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Sociology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5099633070 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Jie Deng |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/042nb2s44 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Jie Deng |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085226897 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-270X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Otto X. Cordero |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/042nb2s44 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Otto X. Cordero |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5073345920 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5654-4785 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Tadashi Fukami |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Stanford University |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f54p054 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Stanford University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Tadashi Fukami |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Stanford University |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077712228 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-5639 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Simon A. Levin |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I20089843 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Princeton University |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I20089843 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hx57361 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I20089843 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Princeton University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Simon A. Levin |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Princeton University |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5039969859 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7487-5393 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Robert M. Pringle |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I20089843 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Princeton University |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I20089843 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hx57361 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I20089843 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Princeton University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Robert M. Pringle |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Princeton University |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046878011 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-1008 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Ricard V. Solé |
| authorships[5].countries | ES |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I170486558 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Universitat Pompeu Fabra |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I170486558 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04n0g0b29 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I170486558 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | ES |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Universitat Pompeu Fabra |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Ricard Solé |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Universitat Pompeu Fabra |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5033643258 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-363X |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Serguei Saavedra |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/042nb2s44 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Serguei Saavedra |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | The development of ecological systems along paths of least resistance |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11252 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Sociology and Political Science |
| primary_topic.display_name | Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2657261411, https://openalex.org/W3118950109, https://openalex.org/W4384696470, https://openalex.org/W2225912373, https://openalex.org/W2002209785, https://openalex.org/W2098580933, https://openalex.org/W4254440996, https://openalex.org/W4247463405, https://openalex.org/W4386404313, https://openalex.org/W4281286706 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.24.600194 |
| publication_date | 2024-06-28 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2087641521, https://openalex.org/W996937456, https://openalex.org/W6700909447, https://openalex.org/W2029165972, https://openalex.org/W4388410145, https://openalex.org/W2132804898, https://openalex.org/W1996657273, https://openalex.org/W1273791837, https://openalex.org/W2031277570, https://openalex.org/W4211079165, https://openalex.org/W2026407741, https://openalex.org/W2761955173, https://openalex.org/W2091818139, https://openalex.org/W2068028745, https://openalex.org/W2131904767, https://openalex.org/W2912141007, https://openalex.org/W1996091787, https://openalex.org/W2091980499, https://openalex.org/W2737543074, https://openalex.org/W3124063272, https://openalex.org/W2525840300, https://openalex.org/W2153248731, https://openalex.org/W4231381519, https://openalex.org/W6680868737, https://openalex.org/W2030646934, https://openalex.org/W2792882325, https://openalex.org/W2620459362, https://openalex.org/W2941067874, https://openalex.org/W2999781293, https://openalex.org/W1964306176, https://openalex.org/W2201903715, https://openalex.org/W3146208393, https://openalex.org/W2106844219, https://openalex.org/W2321690872, https://openalex.org/W2259801033, https://openalex.org/W2952570005, https://openalex.org/W2843676080, https://openalex.org/W4360943982, https://openalex.org/W6654261558, https://openalex.org/W2179312655, https://openalex.org/W4391308366, https://openalex.org/W2139884694, https://openalex.org/W2426506141, https://openalex.org/W4230498481, https://openalex.org/W2332760462, https://openalex.org/W4292651742, https://openalex.org/W2921061344, https://openalex.org/W2135293770, https://openalex.org/W2070283288, https://openalex.org/W4213419599, https://openalex.org/W3005146527, https://openalex.org/W2958202299, https://openalex.org/W2152669498, https://openalex.org/W2059182707, https://openalex.org/W2792188298, https://openalex.org/W2966514282, https://openalex.org/W1606584452, https://openalex.org/W2002732070, https://openalex.org/W2288563613, https://openalex.org/W2606411644, https://openalex.org/W3168907012, https://openalex.org/W4303672012, https://openalex.org/W2114795157, https://openalex.org/W2008310246, https://openalex.org/W2008786418, https://openalex.org/W2520096949, https://openalex.org/W3104870292, https://openalex.org/W3207363230, https://openalex.org/W2001155312, https://openalex.org/W2085728653, https://openalex.org/W4210412930, https://openalex.org/W6629198401, https://openalex.org/W4387968965, https://openalex.org/W2169528473, https://openalex.org/W2883672905, https://openalex.org/W2751943544, https://openalex.org/W2316877854, https://openalex.org/W6910735966, https://openalex.org/W6967196253, https://openalex.org/W4281837360, https://openalex.org/W4388694383, https://openalex.org/W4285595133, https://openalex.org/W3106525532, https://openalex.org/W3104499722 |
| referenced_works_count | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 22, 42, 127, 134, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 4, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 6, 61, 68, 104, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 16, 21, 24, 27, 79, 142, 158, 166, 189, 196, 202, 213, 224, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 51, 95, 118, 148, 205, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 90, 123, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 30, 54, 83, 93, 160, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 77, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 14, 70, 73, 80, 98, 105, 140, 164, 186, 194, 207, 210, 218, 225, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(the | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 94, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 49, 100, 170, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one, | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.path | 71, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 96, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taxa | 53, 103, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 12, 37, 46, 64, 97, 126, 155, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Using | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.along | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hence | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.holds | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.large | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.least | 74, 138, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life. | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.local | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moves | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 67, 99, 169, 188, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paths | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paves | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taxa. | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taxon | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trend | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.until | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.First, | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alone. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likely | 107, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simple | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simply | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taxa), | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theory | 35, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Classic | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.becomes | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biology | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depends | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diverse | 111, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explain | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fast-to | 101, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.favored | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greater | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.orderly | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.species | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 18, 39, 112, 191, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.context. | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidence | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metazoan | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimize | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proceeds | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.question | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survival | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems, | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacterial | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diversity | 29, 157, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.empirical | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.following | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generally | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.histories | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequenced | 43, 128, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appearance | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collective | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecological | 17, 34, 190, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.iterations | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likelihood | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organismal | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principles | 11, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regardless | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 15, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probability | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance. | 121, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trade-offs. | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterize | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecologically | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fast-growing | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implausible. | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life-history | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simultaneous | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slow-growing | 52, 102, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developmental | 66, 108, 187, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 31, 75, 120, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.long-standing | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.self-organize | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theoretically | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.understanding | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterizing | 228 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5099633070 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I63966007 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6899999976158142 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life in Land |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.82699569 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |