The Effect of Cognitive Task, Gait Speed, and Age on Cognitive–Motor Interference during Walking Article Swipe

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Jessica Pitts , Kunal Singhal , Yashashree Apte , Prakruti Patel , Lakshmi Kannan , Tanvi Bhatt ·

YOU? · · 2023 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177368

Dual-tasking can cause cognitive–motor interference (CMI) and affect task performance. This study investigated the effects of age, gait speed, and type of cognitive task on CMI during gait. Ten younger and 10 older adults walked on a pressure-sensitive GAITRite walkway which recorded gait speed and step length. Participants walked at a slow, preferred, or fast speed while simultaneously completing four cognitive tasks: visuomotor reaction time (VMRT), serial subtraction (SS), word list generation (WLG), and visual Stroop (VS). Each combination of task and speed was repeated for two trials. Tasks were also performed while standing. Motor and cognitive costs were calculated with the formula: ((single-dual)/single × 100). Higher costs indicate a larger reduction in performance from single to dual-task. Motor costs were higher for WLG and SS than VMRT and VS and higher in older adults (p < 0.05). Cognitive costs were higher for SS than WLG (p = 0.001). At faster speeds, dual-task costs increased for WLG and SS, although decreased for VMRT. CMI was highest for working memory, language, and problem-solving tasks, which was reduced by slow walking. Aging increased CMI, although both ages were affected similarly by task and speed. Dual-task assessments could include challenging CMI conditions to improve the prediction of motor and cognitive status.

Related Topics

Cognition

Gait

Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation

Concepts

Stroop effect Cognition Gait Task (project management) Elementary cognitive task Physical medicine and rehabilitation Preferred walking speed Subtraction Audiology Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance Poison control Psychology Medicine Engineering Neuroscience Mathematics Environmental health Arithmetic Systems engineering

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177368
PDF: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/17/7368/pdf?version=1692850901
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 18
References: 64
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4386141825

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OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4386141825

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177368

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Title: The Effect of Cognitive Task, Gait Speed, and Age on Cognitive–Motor Interference during Walking

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Type: article

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2023

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Publication date: 2023-08-24

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Authors: Jessica Pitts, Kunal Singhal, Yashashree Apte, Prakruti Patel, Lakshmi Kannan, Tanvi Bhatt

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177368

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Concepts: Stroop effect, Cognition, Gait, Task (project management), Elementary cognitive task, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Preferred walking speed, Subtraction, Audiology, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Poison control, Psychology, Medicine, Engineering, Neuroscience, Mathematics, Environmental health, Arithmetic, Systems engineering

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Cited by: 18

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Citations by year (recent): 2025: 11, 2024: 4, 2023: 3

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