The effectivity of problem-based learning to improve the HOTS: A meta-analysis Article Swipe
Risqi Utami
,
Azma Rosyida
,
Janu Arlinwibowo
,
Gupita Nadindra Fatima
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147
This study aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) through meta-analysis. Data is collected by research documentation generated from various sources collected through the Internet. These articles were published from 2019 to 2022. The themes discussed the effect of PBL to HOTS on students' skill abilities, analysed quantitatively, described data in sample sizes, standard deviations, and averages, and published in journals and indexed on Google Scholar. The analysis design used a contrast group with a random effects model that corrected for effect sizes. The analysis used JASP software to calculate mean aggregate differences, plot forest plots, and publication bias. The study results show a significant difference between groups using control and experimental in the learning process (SE = 1.00); students who use PBL in learning have better learning outcomes than those who do use conventional. Based on the analysis results, the urgency of implementing PBL is evident in supporting the problem-based learning process with HOTS skills.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147
- https://www.petier.org/index.php/PETIER/article/download/147/51
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 2
- References
- 40
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4320063683
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4320063683Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
The effectivity of problem-based learning to improve the HOTS: A meta-analysisWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-10-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Risqi Utami, Azma Rosyida, Janu Arlinwibowo, Gupita Nadindra FatimaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.petier.org/index.php/PETIER/article/download/147/51Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.petier.org/index.php/PETIER/article/download/147/51Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Psychology, Meta-analysis, Mathematics education, Documentation, Contrast (vision), The Internet, Process (computing), Statistics, Computer science, Mathematics, Artificial intelligence, World Wide Web, Medicine, Operating system, Programming language, Internal medicineTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
2Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1, 2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
40Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4320063683 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4320063683 |
| fwci | 1.26543378 |
| type | article |
| title | The effectivity of problem-based learning to improve the HOTS: A meta-analysis |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 5 |
| biblio.last_page | 53 |
| biblio.first_page | 43 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T13830 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9887999892234802 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3304 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Education |
| topics[0].display_name | Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12931 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.973800003528595 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3304 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Education |
| topics[1].display_name | Educational Methods and Outcomes |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T14182 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9729999899864197 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3304 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Education |
| topics[2].display_name | Technology-Enhanced Education Studies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6520220041275024 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C95190672 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6065883636474609 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Meta-analysis |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C145420912 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5309167504310608 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Mathematics education |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C56666940 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5184968709945679 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Documentation |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2776502983 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.46650972962379456 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Contrast (vision) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C110875604 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.445330947637558 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75 |
| concepts[5].display_name | The Internet |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C98045186 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4388183057308197 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Process (computing) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3861691951751709 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Statistics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.2685317397117615 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.20882701873779297 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.1590770184993744 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C136764020 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.09491053223609924 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466 |
| concepts[11].display_name | World Wide Web |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Operating system |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6520220041275024 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6065883636474609 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Meta-analysis |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5309167504310608 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Mathematics education |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5184968709945679 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Documentation |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast |
| keywords[4].score | 0.46650972962379456 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Contrast (vision) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet |
| keywords[5].score | 0.445330947637558 |
| keywords[5].display_name | The Internet |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/process |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4388183057308197 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Process (computing) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3861691951751709 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.2685317397117615 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.20882701873779297 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[10].score | 0.1590770184993744 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web |
| keywords[11].score | 0.09491053223609924 |
| keywords[11].display_name | World Wide Web |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210220900 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2622-5506 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2622-5506 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Psychology Evaluation and Technology in Educational Research |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.petier.org/index.php/PETIER/article/download/147/51 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5108719055 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Risqi Utami |
| authorships[0].countries | ID |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05pg3mb97 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Muria Kudus University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Risqi Utami |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5012399856 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Azma Rosyida |
| authorships[1].countries | ID |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05pg3mb97 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Muria Kudus University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Azma Rosyida |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5041005943 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-9468 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Janu Arlinwibowo |
| authorships[2].countries | ID |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05pg3mb97 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210166730 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | ID |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Muria Kudus University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Janu Arlinwibowo |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091854277 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Gupita Nadindra Fatima |
| authorships[3].countries | TW, US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I148366613, https://openalex.org/I316699675 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, International College of Semiconductor Technology (ICST) |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I148366613 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00se2k293 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I148366613 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | TW |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I316699675 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00s8h5d08 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I316699675 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | Hodges University |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Gupita Nadindra Fatima |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, International College of Semiconductor Technology (ICST) |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.petier.org/index.php/PETIER/article/download/147/51 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | The effectivity of problem-based learning to improve the HOTS: A meta-analysis |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T13830 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9887999892234802 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3304 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Education |
| primary_topic.display_name | Educational Curriculum and Learning Methods |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2618286804, https://openalex.org/W2329643025, https://openalex.org/W3131163342, https://openalex.org/W2166271660, https://openalex.org/W2092256833, https://openalex.org/W2142369114, https://openalex.org/W2002770077, https://openalex.org/W2361728394, https://openalex.org/W2352631095, https://openalex.org/W2408577762 |
| cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210220900 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2622-5506 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2622-5506 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Psychology Evaluation and Technology in Educational Research |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-sa |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.petier.org/index.php/PETIER/article/download/147/51 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210220900 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2622-5506 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2622-5506 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Psychology Evaluation and Technology in Educational Research |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-sa |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.petier.org/index.php/PETIER/article/download/147/51 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v5i1.147 |
| publication_date | 2022-10-10 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4213040298, https://openalex.org/W4322703532, https://openalex.org/W2326006439, https://openalex.org/W3203518376, https://openalex.org/W4283749317, https://openalex.org/W2615637432, https://openalex.org/W4206835609, https://openalex.org/W2795922409, https://openalex.org/W3201928407, https://openalex.org/W4200556759, https://openalex.org/W2993073038, https://openalex.org/W1965342033, https://openalex.org/W3042458551, https://openalex.org/W3086930697, https://openalex.org/W2033815440, https://openalex.org/W3109639311, https://openalex.org/W4401774941, https://openalex.org/W3215360373, https://openalex.org/W3087433035, https://openalex.org/W3097622737, https://openalex.org/W4285093052, https://openalex.org/W4402484240, https://openalex.org/W2979333364, https://openalex.org/W3134353430, https://openalex.org/W4247062676, https://openalex.org/W3158422793, https://openalex.org/W2509398858, https://openalex.org/W4285611299, https://openalex.org/W4312323064, https://openalex.org/W3114075678, https://openalex.org/W3205429463, https://openalex.org/W2937974782, https://openalex.org/W3011676348, https://openalex.org/W3133633416, https://openalex.org/W2889833369, https://openalex.org/W3158964333, https://openalex.org/W3215886630, https://openalex.org/W2980872353, https://openalex.org/W2984001431, https://openalex.org/W2942769617 |
| referenced_works_count | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 76, 80, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.do | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 56, 65, 118, 129, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 18, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 44, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 10, 48, 69, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 3, 37, 46, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SE | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PBL | 45, 128, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 39, 72, 89, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 61, 63, 67, 102, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 5, 29, 42, 119, 143, 146, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 127, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 126, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2019 | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Data | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HOTS | 47, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.JASP | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aims | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 24, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mean | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plot | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 75, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 79, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2022. | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Based | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bias. | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skill | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 1, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(HOTS) | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.00); | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Google | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.better | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effect | 6, 43, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forest | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plots, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.random | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sample | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sizes, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sizes. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skills | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.themes | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evident | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indexed | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 121, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skills. | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 15, 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.urgency | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Scholar. | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysed | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 73, 90, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.articles | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.journals | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.learning | 9, 120, 130, 133, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.research | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standard | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.students | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thinking | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Internet. | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggregate | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.averages, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculate | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 19, 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corrected | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.described | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussed | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generated | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.published | 34, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.students' | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abilities, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supporting | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deviations, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.publication | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimental | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher-order | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implementing | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.documentation | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem-based | 8, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analysis. | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantitatively, | 53 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8999999761581421 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Quality Education |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.83947478 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |