The Emergence of Canalization and Evolvability in an Open-Ended, Interactive Evolutionary System Article Swipe
Joost Huizinga
,
Kenneth O. Stanley
,
Jeff Clune
·
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263
YOU?
·
· 2018
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263
Many believe that an essential component for the discovery of the tremendous diversity in natural organisms was the evolution of evolvability, whereby evolution speeds up its ability to innovate by generating a more adaptive pool of offspring. One hypothesized mechanism for evolvability is developmental canalization, wherein certain dimensions of variation become more likely to be traversed and others are prevented from being explored (e.g., offspring tend to have similar-size legs, and mutations affect the length of both legs, not each leg individually). While ubiquitous in nature, canalization is rarely reported in computational simulations of evolution, which deprives us of in silico examples of canalization to study and raises the question of which conditions give rise to this form of evolvability. Answering this question would shed light on why such evolvability emerged naturally, and it could accelerate engineering efforts to harness evolution to solve important engineering challenges. In this article, we reveal a unique system in which canalization did emerge in computational evolution. We document that genomes entrench certain dimensions of variation that were frequently explored during their evolutionary history. The genetic representation of these organisms also evolved to be more modular and hierarchical than expected by chance, and we show that these organizational properties correlate with increased fitness. Interestingly, the type of computational evolutionary experiment that produced this evolvability was very different from traditional digital evolution in that there was no objective, suggesting that open-ended, divergent evolutionary processes may be necessary for the evolution of evolvability.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263
- https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/24/3/157/1667009/artl_a_00263.pdf
- OA Status
- bronze
- Cited By
- 20
- References
- 145
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2607757012
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2607757012Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
The Emergence of Canalization and Evolvability in an Open-Ended, Interactive Evolutionary SystemWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2018Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2018-11-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Joost Huizinga, Kenneth O. Stanley, Jeff CluneList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/24/3/157/1667009/artl_a_00263.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
bronzeOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/24/3/157/1667009/artl_a_00263.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Evolvability, Evolutionary biology, Biology, Evolutionary developmental biology, Variation (astronomy), Artificial life, Evolutionary ecology, Representation (politics), Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Ecology, Law, Host (biology), Physics, Political science, Astrophysics, PoliticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
20Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 4, 2023: 1, 2022: 3, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
145Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2607757012 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| ids.mag | 2607757012 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30485140 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2607757012 |
| fwci | 1.58913069 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000465 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Algorithms |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D005075 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Biological Evolution |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D003198 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Computer Simulation |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D016678 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Genome |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D007091 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Image Processing, Computer-Assisted |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D020407 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Internet |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D009154 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Mutation |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D012641 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Selection, Genetic |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D012984 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Software |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D000465 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Algorithms |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D005075 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Biological Evolution |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D003198 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Computer Simulation |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D016678 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Genome |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D007091 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Image Processing, Computer-Assisted |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D020407 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Internet |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D009154 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Mutation |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D012641 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Selection, Genetic |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D012984 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Software |
| type | article |
| title | The Emergence of Canalization and Evolvability in an Open-Ended, Interactive Evolutionary System |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 24 |
| biblio.last_page | 181 |
| biblio.first_page | 157 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11764 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1311 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Genetics |
| topics[0].display_name | Evolution and Genetic Dynamics |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11975 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9979000091552734 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[1].display_name | Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11252 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].score | 0.9883000254631042 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Sociology and Political Science |
| topics[2].display_name | Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320306076 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/021nxhr62 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Science Foundation |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320312777 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/01arysc35 |
| funders[1].display_name | Santa Fe Institute |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C176147130 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9912195205688477 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909622 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Evolvability |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C78458016 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6316413283348083 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Evolutionary biology |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5397096872329712 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C168601633 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5132846832275391 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044484 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Evolutionary developmental biology |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2778334786 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4862150251865387 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Variation (astronomy) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C19273510 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.45150765776634216 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Artificial life |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C135811302 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.43059343099594116 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382557 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Evolutionary ecology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2776359362 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4273430407047272 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Representation (politics) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4027577340602875 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.31065884232521057 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.1787046492099762 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Law |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C126831891 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Host (biology) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C44870925 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Astrophysics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C94625758 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Politics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/evolvability |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9912195205688477 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Evolvability |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-biology |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6316413283348083 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Evolutionary biology |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5397096872329712 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-developmental-biology |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5132846832275391 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Evolutionary developmental biology |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/variation |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4862150251865387 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Variation (astronomy) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-life |
| keywords[5].score | 0.45150765776634216 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Artificial life |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-ecology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.43059343099594116 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Evolutionary ecology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/representation |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4273430407047272 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Representation (politics) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4027577340602875 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[9].score | 0.31065884232521057 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.1787046492099762 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Ecology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2181302 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1064-5462, 1530-9185 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1064-5462 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Artificial Life |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315718 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | The MIT Press |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315718 |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/24/3/157/1667009/artl_a_00263.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Artificial Life |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:30485140 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Artificial life |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30485140 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1704.05143 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.05143 |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | text |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05143 |
| indexed_in | arxiv, crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018598100 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3051 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Joost Huizinga |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I12834331 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Wyoming, Department of Computer Science, Evolving AI Lab. |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2946016260 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Uber, Uber AI Labs. |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2946016260 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05vm0ed18 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2946016260 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Uber AI (United States) |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I12834331 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01485tq96 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I12834331 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | University of Wyoming |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Joost Huizinga |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Uber, Uber AI Labs., University of Wyoming, Department of Computer Science, Evolving AI Lab. |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5029264794 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-0839 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Kenneth O. Stanley |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106165777 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Central Florida, Department of Computer Science, EPLex. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I106165777 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/036nfer12 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I106165777 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Central Florida |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Kenneth O. Stanley |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | University of Central Florida, Department of Computer Science, EPLex. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5112191507 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jeff Clune |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I12834331 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | University of Wyoming, Department of Computer Science, Evolving AI Lab. |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2946016260 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Uber, Uber AI Labs. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2946016260 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05vm0ed18 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2946016260 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Uber AI (United States) |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I12834331 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/01485tq96 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I12834331 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of Wyoming |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jeff Clune |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Uber, Uber AI Labs., University of Wyoming, Department of Computer Science, Evolving AI Lab. |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/24/3/157/1667009/artl_a_00263.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | bronze |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | The Emergence of Canalization and Evolvability in an Open-Ended, Interactive Evolutionary System |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11764 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1311 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Genetics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Evolution and Genetic Dynamics |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2109754847, https://openalex.org/W4248191626, https://openalex.org/W4253746795, https://openalex.org/W1490093576, https://openalex.org/W2042702935, https://openalex.org/W2111660473, https://openalex.org/W2791184731, https://openalex.org/W2147870031, https://openalex.org/W2586008694, https://openalex.org/W1982387464 |
| cited_by_count | 20 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[6].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[6].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[7].year | 2018 |
| counts_by_year[7].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[8].year | 2016 |
| counts_by_year[8].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2181302 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1064-5462, 1530-9185 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1064-5462 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Artificial Life |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315718 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | The MIT Press |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315718 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/24/3/157/1667009/artl_a_00263.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Artificial Life |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2181302 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1064-5462, 1530-9185 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1064-5462 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Artificial Life |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315718 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | The MIT Press |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315718 |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/24/3/157/1667009/artl_a_00263.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Artificial Life |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00263 |
| publication_date | 2018-11-01 |
| publication_year | 2018 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2074067714, https://openalex.org/W2054820883, https://openalex.org/W2126074998, https://openalex.org/W2141739173, https://openalex.org/W2111857816, https://openalex.org/W2029475272, https://openalex.org/W2074946442, https://openalex.org/W1512749841, https://openalex.org/W2128679772, https://openalex.org/W1784796383, https://openalex.org/W1983485726, https://openalex.org/W1965190303, https://openalex.org/W2120652436, https://openalex.org/W2147171939, https://openalex.org/W2023343065, https://openalex.org/W2003097381, https://openalex.org/W2035352473, https://openalex.org/W2112413846, https://openalex.org/W2088427261, https://openalex.org/W2107716968, https://openalex.org/W2403330319, https://openalex.org/W2097351860, https://openalex.org/W2089005170, https://openalex.org/W2141141714, https://openalex.org/W1738827650, https://openalex.org/W2130329458, https://openalex.org/W2480433523, https://openalex.org/W2126105956, https://openalex.org/W2138673359, https://openalex.org/W2043810485, https://openalex.org/W2040177850, https://openalex.org/W2036073976, https://openalex.org/W1512383952, https://openalex.org/W2497924342, https://openalex.org/W2002504483, https://openalex.org/W2083426690, https://openalex.org/W1986984619, https://openalex.org/W1858049221, https://openalex.org/W2039949775, https://openalex.org/W2062974695, https://openalex.org/W2141860972, https://openalex.org/W2134735802, https://openalex.org/W2127886717, https://openalex.org/W2159929956, https://openalex.org/W1987772873, https://openalex.org/W1490093576, https://openalex.org/W2035525755, https://openalex.org/W2013603727, https://openalex.org/W2485228835, https://openalex.org/W2040825624, https://openalex.org/W2126606094, https://openalex.org/W2044775606, https://openalex.org/W4241088457, https://openalex.org/W2107576392, https://openalex.org/W2110436410, https://openalex.org/W2046618236, https://openalex.org/W1527672606, https://openalex.org/W2151083897, https://openalex.org/W2483336611, https://openalex.org/W2063251739, https://openalex.org/W2150989284, https://openalex.org/W2072512428, https://openalex.org/W1602132379, https://openalex.org/W2005946215, https://openalex.org/W2162623940, https://openalex.org/W1609223620, https://openalex.org/W2562405598, https://openalex.org/W161064479, https://openalex.org/W2145406188, https://openalex.org/W2107808025, https://openalex.org/W1493739291, https://openalex.org/W2094426896, https://openalex.org/W2345072837, https://openalex.org/W2155810228, https://openalex.org/W2084974221, https://openalex.org/W2087936871, https://openalex.org/W2151936673, https://openalex.org/W1932198206, https://openalex.org/W1990284337, https://openalex.org/W2143837955, https://openalex.org/W2024166889, https://openalex.org/W2049439719, https://openalex.org/W2142879643, https://openalex.org/W1514953456, https://openalex.org/W2169526870, https://openalex.org/W2131918846, https://openalex.org/W2030294802, https://openalex.org/W2131900713, https://openalex.org/W2025328236, https://openalex.org/W2462548332, https://openalex.org/W2018045523, https://openalex.org/W2325325200, https://openalex.org/W2139898429, https://openalex.org/W2095980045, https://openalex.org/W2102216585, https://openalex.org/W2083487127, https://openalex.org/W2143502460, https://openalex.org/W2020399841, https://openalex.org/W2464978865, https://openalex.org/W2119814172, https://openalex.org/W2477695133, https://openalex.org/W2111935653, https://openalex.org/W2153684665, https://openalex.org/W2095286913, https://openalex.org/W2342068300, https://openalex.org/W1980661496, https://openalex.org/W2094902224, https://openalex.org/W1487920553, https://openalex.org/W2022730625, https://openalex.org/W1965682846, https://openalex.org/W2082797903, https://openalex.org/W4230411740, https://openalex.org/W2108726522, https://openalex.org/W2216829287, https://openalex.org/W2077780180, https://openalex.org/W1983153145, https://openalex.org/W1974698212, https://openalex.org/W2053153219, https://openalex.org/W2071712932, https://openalex.org/W1533696952, https://openalex.org/W2396471471, https://openalex.org/W3100435720, https://openalex.org/W2321083556, https://openalex.org/W1673923490, https://openalex.org/W2604272474, https://openalex.org/W585195747, https://openalex.org/W2080618944, https://openalex.org/W2154022540, https://openalex.org/W989675465, https://openalex.org/W2163605009, https://openalex.org/W1929457100, https://openalex.org/W2068244389, https://openalex.org/W2574841843, https://openalex.org/W2096368961, https://openalex.org/W2119396705, https://openalex.org/W4285719527, https://openalex.org/W3099264534, https://openalex.org/W2085861776, https://openalex.org/W2029727766, https://openalex.org/W758372786, https://openalex.org/W2563259103, https://openalex.org/W3145481521, https://openalex.org/W2506868775, https://openalex.org/W2155929831, https://openalex.org/W4210516060 |
| referenced_works_count | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 31, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 54, 188, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 29, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 13, 84, 90, 99, 154, 159, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 42, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 9, 19, 35, 48, 75, 93, 98, 102, 110, 118, 169, 182, 211, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 27, 53, 66, 104, 115, 138, 141, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.up | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.us | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 149, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 56, 70, 106, 132, 191, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.did | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 6, 40, 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leg | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 7, 10, 17, 73, 108, 209, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 16, 219, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.why | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Many | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 60, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.give | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 32, 51, 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pool | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rise | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shed | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tend | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 2, 164, 171, 200, 215, 227, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 116, 121, 147, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.very | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.While | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.being | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.could | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.legs, | 69, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solve | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 183, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 95, 111, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.would | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(e.g., | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affect | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.become | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerge | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.length | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likely | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.others | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raises | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rarely | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reveal | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silico | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speeds | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unique | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.believe | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.certain | 46, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chance, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efforts | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerged | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolved | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genetic | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.genomes | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.harness | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modular | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.natural | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nature, | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whereby | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wherein | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptive | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deprives | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.document | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entrench | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examples | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expected | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explored | 62, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fitness. | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.history. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovate | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produced | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.question | 109, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Answering | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correlate | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discovery | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divergent | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diversity | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolution | 18, 22, 140, 225, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutations | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessary | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offspring | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organisms | 15, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevented | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traversed | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 49, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accelerate | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimensions | 47, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolution, | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolution. | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiment | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequently | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generating | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.naturally, | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objective, | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offspring. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tremendous | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ubiquitous | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges. | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engineering | 136, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.open-ended, | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulations | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.traditional | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.canalization | 86, 103, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolutionary | 177, 213, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolvability | 41, 129, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hierarchical | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hypothesized | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar-size | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.canalization, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computational | 91, 160, 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developmental | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolvability, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evolvability. | 119, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Interestingly, | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individually). | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organizational | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.representation | 181 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5029264794, https://openalex.org/A5018598100, https://openalex.org/A5112191507 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I106165777, https://openalex.org/I12834331, https://openalex.org/I2946016260 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6299999952316284 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life in Land |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.8412807 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |