The Impact of Physical Activity on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence and Lessons Learned From the Diabetes Prevention Program, a Long-Standing Clinical Trial Incorporating Subjective and Objective Activity Measures Article Swipe

PDF

Andrea M. Kriska , Bonny Rockette‐Wagner , Sharon L. Edelstein , George A. Bray , Linda M. Delahanty , Mary A. Hoskin , Edward S. Horton , Elizabeth M. Venditti , William C. Knowler , George A. Bray , Kishore M. Gadde , Iris W. Culbert , Jennifer Arceneaux , Annie Chatellier , Amber Dragg , Catherine M. Champagne , Crystal Duncan , Barbara Eberhardt , Frank L. Greenway , Fonda G. Guillory , April A. Herbert , Michael L. Jeffirs , Betty M. Kennedy , Erma Levy , Monica Lockett , Jennifer C. Lovejoy , Laura H. Morris , Lee E. Melancon , Donna H. Ryan , Deborah A. Sanford , Kenneth G. C. Smith , Lisa L. Smith , Julia A. St. Amant , Richard T. Tulley , Paula C. Vicknair , Donald Williamson , Jeffery J. Zachwieja , Kenneth S. Polonsky , Janet Tobian , David A. Ehrmann , Margaret J. Matulik , Bart Clark , Kirsten Czech , Catherine DeSandre , Ruthanne Hilbrich , Wylie McNabb , Ann R. Semenske , F. José , Kevin Furlong , Barry J. Goldstein , Pamela G. Watson , Kellie A. Smith , Jewel Mendoza , Wendi Wildman , Renee Liberoni , John Spandorfer , Constance Pepe , Richard P. Donahue , Ronald Goldberg , Ronald J. Prineas , Jeanette Calles , Juliet Ojito , Patricia M. Rowe , Paul Cassanova-Romero , Sumaya Castillo-Florez , Hermes Flórez , Anna Giannella , Lascelles Kirby , Carmen Larreal , Olga Lara , Valerie McLymont , Jadell Mendez , Arlette Perry , Patrice G. Saab , Beth Veciana , Steven M. Haffner , Helen P. Hazuda , Maria G. Montez , Kathy Hattaway , Carlos Lorenzo , Arlene Martinez , Tatiana Walker , Dana Dabelea , Richard F. Hamman , Patricia V. Nash , Sheila C. Steinke , Lisa Testaverde , Denise Anderson , Larry B. Ballonoff , Alexis Bouffard , Brian C. Bucca , B. Ned Calonge , Lynne Delve , Martha Farago , James O. Hill , Shelley R. Hoyer , Tonya Jenkins , Bonnie T. Jortberg , Dione Lenz , Marsha Miller ·

YOU? · · 2020 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129

OBJECTIVE Across the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) follow-up, cumulative diabetes incidence remained lower in the lifestyle compared with the placebo and metformin randomized groups and could not be explained by weight. Collection of self-reported physical activity (PA) (yearly) with cross-sectional objective PA (in follow-up) allowed for examination of PA and its long-term impact on diabetes prevention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Yearly self-reported PA and diabetes assessment and oral glucose tolerance test results (fasting glucose semiannually) were collected for 3,232 participants with one accelerometry assessment 11–13 years after randomization (n = 1,793). Mixed models determined PA differences across treatment groups. The association between PA and diabetes incidence was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS There was a 6% decrease (Cox proportional hazard ratio 0.94 [95% CI 0.92, 0.96]; P < 0.001) in diabetes incidence per 6 MET-h/week increase in time-dependent PA for the entire cohort over an average of 12 years (controlled for age, sex, baseline PA, and weight). The effect of PA was greater (12% decrease) among participants less active at baseline (<7.5 MET-h/week) (n = 1,338) (0.88 [0.83, 0.93]; P < 0.0001), with stronger findings for lifestyle participants. Lifestyle had higher cumulative PA compared with metformin or placebo (P < 0.0001) and higher accelerometry total minutes per day measured during follow-up (P = 0.001 and 0.047). All associations remained significant with the addition of weight in the models. CONCLUSIONS PA was inversely related to incident diabetes in the entire cohort across the study, with cross-sectional accelerometry results supporting these findings. This highlights the importance of PA within lifestyle intervention efforts designed to prevent diabetes and urges health care providers to consider both PA and weight when counseling high-risk patients.

Related Topics

Concepts

Medicine Diabetes mellitus Cumulative incidence Type 2 diabetes Metformin Internal medicine Hazard ratio Incidence (geometry) Proportional hazards model Placebo Cohort Physical therapy Endocrinology Confidence interval Alternative medicine Pathology Physics Optics

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129
PDF: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/44/1/43.full.pdf
OA Status: bronze
Cited By: 65
References: 25
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3102761761

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3102761761

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129

Digital Object Identifier
Title: The Impact of Physical Activity on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence and Lessons Learned From the Diabetes Prevention Program, a Long-Standing Clinical Trial Incorporating Subjective and Objective Activity Measures

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2020

Year of publication
Publication date: 2020-11-10

Full publication date if available
Authors: Andrea M. Kriska, Bonny Rockette‐Wagner, Sharon L. Edelstein, George A. Bray, Linda M. Delahanty, Mary A. Hoskin, Edward S. Horton, Elizabeth M. Venditti, William C. Knowler, George A. Bray, Kishore M. Gadde, Iris W. Culbert, Jennifer Arceneaux, Annie Chatellier, Amber Dragg, Catherine M. Champagne, Crystal Duncan, Barbara Eberhardt, Frank L. Greenway, Fonda G. Guillory, April A. Herbert, Michael L. Jeffirs, Betty M. Kennedy, Erma Levy, Monica Lockett, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Laura H. Morris, Lee E. Melancon, Donna H. Ryan, Deborah A. Sanford, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Lisa L. Smith, Julia A. St. Amant, Richard T. Tulley, Paula C. Vicknair, Donald Williamson, Jeffery J. Zachwieja, Kenneth S. Polonsky, Janet Tobian, David A. Ehrmann, Margaret J. Matulik, Bart Clark, Kirsten Czech, Catherine DeSandre, Ruthanne Hilbrich, Wylie McNabb, Ann R. Semenske, F. José, Kevin Furlong, Barry J. Goldstein, Pamela G. Watson, Kellie A. Smith, Jewel Mendoza, Wendi Wildman, Renee Liberoni, John Spandorfer, Constance Pepe, Richard P. Donahue, Ronald Goldberg, Ronald J. Prineas, Jeanette Calles, Juliet Ojito, Patricia M. Rowe, Paul Cassanova-Romero, Sumaya Castillo-Florez, Hermes Flórez, Anna Giannella, Lascelles Kirby, Carmen Larreal, Olga Lara, Valerie McLymont, Jadell Mendez, Arlette Perry, Patrice G. Saab, Beth Veciana, Steven M. Haffner, Helen P. Hazuda, Maria G. Montez, Kathy Hattaway, Carlos Lorenzo, Arlene Martinez, Tatiana Walker, Dana Dabelea, Richard F. Hamman, Patricia V. Nash, Sheila C. Steinke, Lisa Testaverde, Denise Anderson, Larry B. Ballonoff, Alexis Bouffard, Brian C. Bucca, B. Ned Calonge, Lynne Delve, Martha Farago, James O. Hill, Shelley R. Hoyer, Tonya Jenkins, Bonnie T. Jortberg, Dione Lenz, Marsha Miller

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/44/1/43.full.pdf

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: bronze

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/44/1/43.full.pdf

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cumulative incidence, Type 2 diabetes, Metformin, Internal medicine, Hazard ratio, Incidence (geometry), Proportional hazards model, Placebo, Cohort, Physical therapy, Endocrinology, Confidence interval, Alternative medicine, Pathology, Physics, Optics

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 65

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 12, 2024: 11, 2023: 18, 2022: 18, 2021: 6

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 25

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W3102761761
doi	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129
ids.mag	3102761761
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33444158
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W3102761761
fwci	6.5926921
mesh[0].qualifier_ui
mesh[0].descriptor_ui	D003430
mesh[0].is_major_topic	False
mesh[0].qualifier_name
mesh[0].descriptor_name	Cross-Sectional Studies
mesh[1].qualifier_ui	Q000453
mesh[1].descriptor_ui	D003924
mesh[1].is_major_topic	True
mesh[1].qualifier_name	epidemiology
mesh[1].descriptor_name	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
mesh[2].qualifier_ui	Q000517
mesh[2].descriptor_ui	D003924
mesh[2].is_major_topic	True
mesh[2].qualifier_name	prevention & control
mesh[2].descriptor_name	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
mesh[3].qualifier_ui
mesh[3].descriptor_ui	D015444
mesh[3].is_major_topic	False
mesh[3].qualifier_name
mesh[3].descriptor_name	Exercise
mesh[4].qualifier_ui
mesh[4].descriptor_ui	D006801
mesh[4].is_major_topic	False
mesh[4].qualifier_name
mesh[4].descriptor_name	Humans
mesh[5].qualifier_ui	Q000627
mesh[5].descriptor_ui	D007004
mesh[5].is_major_topic	False
mesh[5].qualifier_name	therapeutic use
mesh[5].descriptor_name	Hypoglycemic Agents
mesh[6].qualifier_ui
mesh[6].descriptor_ui	D008019
mesh[6].is_major_topic	False
mesh[6].qualifier_name
mesh[6].descriptor_name	Life Style
mesh[7].qualifier_ui	Q000627
mesh[7].descriptor_ui	D008687
mesh[7].is_major_topic	True
mesh[7].qualifier_name	therapeutic use
mesh[7].descriptor_name	Metformin
mesh[8].qualifier_ui
mesh[8].descriptor_ui	D003430
mesh[8].is_major_topic	False
mesh[8].qualifier_name
mesh[8].descriptor_name	Cross-Sectional Studies
mesh[9].qualifier_ui	Q000453
mesh[9].descriptor_ui	D003924
mesh[9].is_major_topic	True
mesh[9].qualifier_name	epidemiology
mesh[9].descriptor_name	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
mesh[10].qualifier_ui	Q000517
mesh[10].descriptor_ui	D003924
mesh[10].is_major_topic	True
mesh[10].qualifier_name	prevention & control
mesh[10].descriptor_name	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
mesh[11].qualifier_ui
mesh[11].descriptor_ui	D015444
mesh[11].is_major_topic	False
mesh[11].qualifier_name
mesh[11].descriptor_name	Exercise
mesh[12].qualifier_ui
mesh[12].descriptor_ui	D006801
mesh[12].is_major_topic	False
mesh[12].qualifier_name
mesh[12].descriptor_name	Humans
mesh[13].qualifier_ui	Q000627
mesh[13].descriptor_ui	D007004
mesh[13].is_major_topic	False
mesh[13].qualifier_name	therapeutic use
mesh[13].descriptor_name	Hypoglycemic Agents
mesh[14].qualifier_ui
mesh[14].descriptor_ui	D008019
mesh[14].is_major_topic	False
mesh[14].qualifier_name
mesh[14].descriptor_name	Life Style
mesh[15].qualifier_ui	Q000627
mesh[15].descriptor_ui	D008687
mesh[15].is_major_topic	True
mesh[15].qualifier_name	therapeutic use
mesh[15].descriptor_name	Metformin
type	article
title	The Impact of Physical Activity on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence and Lessons Learned From the Diabetes Prevention Program, a Long-Standing Clinical Trial Incorporating Subjective and Objective Activity Measures
biblio.issue	1
biblio.volume	44
biblio.last_page	49
biblio.first_page	43
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10352
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[0].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[0].score	0.9994999766349792
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[0].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2737
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Physiology
topics[0].display_name	Physical Activity and Health
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10027
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[1].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[1].score	0.9988999962806702
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[1].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2712
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
topics[1].display_name	Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10010
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
topics[2].field.display_name	Medicine
topics[2].score	0.996999979019165
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
topics[2].domain.display_name	Health Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2739
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
topics[2].display_name	Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
funders[0].id	https://openalex.org/F4320337357
funders[0].ror	https://ror.org/00adh9b73
funders[0].display_name	National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C71924100
concepts[0].level	0
concepts[0].score	0.9190301895141602
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190
concepts[0].display_name	Medicine
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C555293320
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.7851361632347107
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206
concepts[1].display_name	Diabetes mellitus
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C88879693
concepts[2].level	3
concepts[2].score	0.6351313591003418
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690
concepts[2].display_name	Cumulative incidence
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C2777180221
concepts[3].level	3
concepts[3].score	0.5994551181793213
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883
concepts[3].display_name	Type 2 diabetes
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C2780323712
concepts[4].level	3
concepts[4].score	0.5956627726554871
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19484
concepts[4].display_name	Metformin
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C126322002
concepts[5].level	1
concepts[5].score	0.5832865834236145
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180
concepts[5].display_name	Internal medicine
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C207103383
concepts[6].level	3
concepts[6].score	0.5759006142616272
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246
concepts[6].display_name	Hazard ratio
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C61511704
concepts[7].level	2
concepts[7].score	0.539454996585846
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857
concepts[7].display_name	Incidence (geometry)
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C50382708
concepts[8].level	2
concepts[8].score	0.5326083898544312
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218
concepts[8].display_name	Proportional hazards model
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C27081682
concepts[9].level	3
concepts[9].score	0.43375450372695923
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829
concepts[9].display_name	Placebo
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C72563966
concepts[10].level	2
concepts[10].score	0.42153090238571167
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415
concepts[10].display_name	Cohort
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C1862650
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.3590577244758606
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005
concepts[11].display_name	Physical therapy
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C134018914
concepts[12].level	1
concepts[12].score	0.27879205346107483
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606
concepts[12].display_name	Endocrinology
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C44249647
concepts[13].level	2
concepts[13].score	0.15250667929649353
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498
concepts[13].display_name	Confidence interval
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C204787440
concepts[14].level	2
concepts[14].score	0.0
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504
concepts[14].display_name	Alternative medicine
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C142724271
concepts[15].level	1
concepts[15].score	0.0
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208
concepts[15].display_name	Pathology
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[16].level	0
concepts[16].score	0.0
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[16].display_name	Physics
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C120665830
concepts[17].level	1
concepts[17].score	0.0
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620
concepts[17].display_name	Optics
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine
keywords[0].score	0.9190301895141602
keywords[0].display_name	Medicine
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus
keywords[1].score	0.7851361632347107
keywords[1].display_name	Diabetes mellitus
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-incidence
keywords[2].score	0.6351313591003418
keywords[2].display_name	Cumulative incidence
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes
keywords[3].score	0.5994551181793213
keywords[3].display_name	Type 2 diabetes
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/metformin
keywords[4].score	0.5956627726554871
keywords[4].display_name	Metformin
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine
keywords[5].score	0.5832865834236145
keywords[5].display_name	Internal medicine
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-ratio
keywords[6].score	0.5759006142616272
keywords[6].display_name	Hazard ratio
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence
keywords[7].score	0.539454996585846
keywords[7].display_name	Incidence (geometry)
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/proportional-hazards-model
keywords[8].score	0.5326083898544312
keywords[8].display_name	Proportional hazards model
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo
keywords[9].score	0.43375450372695923
keywords[9].display_name	Placebo
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/cohort
keywords[10].score	0.42153090238571167
keywords[10].display_name	Cohort
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy
keywords[11].score	0.3590577244758606
keywords[11].display_name	Physical therapy
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology
keywords[12].score	0.27879205346107483
keywords[12].display_name	Endocrinology
keywords[13].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-interval
keywords[13].score	0.15250667929649353
keywords[13].display_name	Confidence interval
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.2337/dc20-1129
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S49878492
locations[0].source.issn	0149-5992, 1935-5548
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	False
locations[0].source.issn_l	0149-5992
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Diabetes Care
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320274
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	American Diabetes Association
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320274
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	American Diabetes Association
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/44/1/43.full.pdf
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Diabetes Care
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129
locations[1].id	pmid:33444158
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Diabetes care
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33444158
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt8111n02c
locations[2].is_oa	False
locations[2].source
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	article
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name	Diabetes Care, vol 44, iss 1
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8111n02c
locations[3].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7783946
locations[3].is_oa	True
locations[3].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[3].source.issn
locations[3].source.type	repository
locations[3].source.is_oa	False
locations[3].source.issn_l
locations[3].source.is_core	False
locations[3].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[3].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[3].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[3].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[3].license
locations[3].pdf_url
locations[3].version	submittedVersion
locations[3].raw_type	Text
locations[3].license_id
locations[3].is_accepted	False
locations[3].is_published	False
locations[3].raw_source_name	Diabetes Care
locations[3].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7783946
indexed_in	crossref, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5049136438
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-0869
authorships[0].author.display_name	Andrea M. Kriska
authorships[0].countries	US
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01an3r305
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	University of Pittsburgh
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Andrea M. Kriska
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5068803277
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-917X
authorships[1].author.display_name	Bonny Rockette‐Wagner
authorships[1].countries	US
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01an3r305
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	University of Pittsburgh
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Bonny Rockette-Wagner
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5082463316
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-4404
authorships[2].author.display_name	Sharon L. Edelstein
authorships[2].countries	US
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I193531525
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	George Washington University, Rockville, MD
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I193531525
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00y4zzh67
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I193531525
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	George Washington University
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Sharon L. Edelstein
authorships[2].is_corresponding	True
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	George Washington University, Rockville, MD
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5047527237
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-8772
authorships[3].author.display_name	George A. Bray
authorships[3].countries	US
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I103990859
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I103990859
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/040cnym54
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I103990859
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Pennington Biomedical Research Center
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	George A. Bray
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5050501110
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-3559
authorships[4].author.display_name	Linda M. Delahanty
authorships[4].countries	US
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210087915
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Massachusetts General Hospital Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210087915
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/002pd6e78
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	healthcare
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210087915, https://openalex.org/I48633490
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	Massachusetts General Hospital
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Linda M. Delahanty
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Massachusetts General Hospital Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5057140443
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-2763
authorships[5].author.display_name	Mary A. Hoskin
authorships[5].countries	US
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210090567
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210090567
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00adh9b73
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I4210090567
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Mary A. Hoskin
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5069336249
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5670-3157
authorships[6].author.display_name	Edward S. Horton
authorships[6].countries	US
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I1293231726
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I1293231726
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/0280a3n32
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1293231726
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	Joslin Diabetes Center
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Edward S. Horton
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5088359469
authorships[7].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4124-6555
authorships[7].author.display_name	Elizabeth M. Venditti
authorships[7].countries	US
authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
authorships[7].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[7].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01an3r305
authorships[7].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I170201317
authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name	University of Pittsburgh
authorships[7].author_position	middle
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Elizabeth M. Venditti
authorships[7].is_corresponding	False
authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings	University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
authorships[8].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5050165878
authorships[8].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7004-5197
authorships[8].author.display_name	William C. Knowler
authorships[8].countries	US
authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210090567
authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
authorships[8].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210090567
authorships[8].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00adh9b73
authorships[8].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I4210090567
authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name	National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
authorships[8].author_position	middle
authorships[8].raw_author_name	William C. Knowler
authorships[8].is_corresponding	False
authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings	Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
authorships[9].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5047527237
authorships[9].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-8772
authorships[9].author.display_name	George A. Bray
authorships[9].author_position	middle
authorships[9].raw_author_name	George A. Bray
authorships[9].is_corresponding	False
authorships[10].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5034748550
authorships[10].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-5574
authorships[10].author.display_name	Kishore M. Gadde
authorships[10].author_position	middle
authorships[10].raw_author_name	Kishore Gadde
authorships[10].is_corresponding	False
authorships[11].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5032625299
authorships[11].author.orcid
authorships[11].author.display_name	Iris W. Culbert
authorships[11].author_position	middle
authorships[11].raw_author_name	Iris W. Culbert
authorships[11].is_corresponding	False
authorships[12].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5007053955
authorships[12].author.orcid
authorships[12].author.display_name	Jennifer Arceneaux
authorships[12].author_position	middle
authorships[12].raw_author_name	Jennifer Arceneaux
authorships[12].is_corresponding	False
authorships[13].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5068115303
authorships[13].author.orcid
authorships[13].author.display_name	Annie Chatellier
authorships[13].author_position	middle
authorships[13].raw_author_name	Annie Chatellier
authorships[13].is_corresponding	False
authorships[14].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5025223439
authorships[14].author.orcid
authorships[14].author.display_name	Amber Dragg
authorships[14].author_position	middle
authorships[14].raw_author_name	Amber Dragg
authorships[14].is_corresponding	False
authorships[15].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5085770229
authorships[15].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-1072
authorships[15].author.display_name	Catherine M. Champagne
authorships[15].author_position	middle
authorships[15].raw_author_name	Catherine M. Champagne
authorships[15].is_corresponding	False
authorships[16].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5054181389
authorships[16].author.orcid
authorships[16].author.display_name	Crystal Duncan
authorships[16].author_position	middle
authorships[16].raw_author_name	Crystal Duncan
authorships[16].is_corresponding	False
authorships[17].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5007481277
authorships[17].author.orcid
authorships[17].author.display_name	Barbara Eberhardt
authorships[17].author_position	middle
authorships[17].raw_author_name	Barbara Eberhardt
authorships[17].is_corresponding	False
authorships[18].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5080400693
authorships[18].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-6111
authorships[18].author.display_name	Frank L. Greenway
authorships[18].author_position	middle
authorships[18].raw_author_name	Frank Greenway
authorships[18].is_corresponding	False
authorships[19].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5032771653
authorships[19].author.orcid
authorships[19].author.display_name	Fonda G. Guillory
authorships[19].author_position	middle
authorships[19].raw_author_name	Fonda G. Guillory
authorships[19].is_corresponding	False
authorships[20].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5056007205
authorships[20].author.orcid
authorships[20].author.display_name	April A. Herbert
authorships[20].author_position	middle
authorships[20].raw_author_name	April A. Herbert
authorships[20].is_corresponding	False
authorships[21].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5029632271
authorships[21].author.orcid
authorships[21].author.display_name	Michael L. Jeffirs
authorships[21].author_position	middle
authorships[21].raw_author_name	Michael L. Jeffirs
authorships[21].is_corresponding	False
authorships[22].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5054356350
authorships[22].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-222X
authorships[22].author.display_name	Betty M. Kennedy
authorships[22].author_position	middle
authorships[22].raw_author_name	Betty M. Kennedy
authorships[22].is_corresponding	False
authorships[23].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5052718367
authorships[23].author.orcid
authorships[23].author.display_name	Erma Levy
authorships[23].author_position	middle
authorships[23].raw_author_name	Erma Levy
authorships[23].is_corresponding	False
authorships[24].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5076708239
authorships[24].author.orcid
authorships[24].author.display_name	Monica Lockett
authorships[24].author_position	middle
authorships[24].raw_author_name	Monica Lockett
authorships[24].is_corresponding	False
authorships[25].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5111479931
authorships[25].author.orcid
authorships[25].author.display_name	Jennifer C. Lovejoy
authorships[25].author_position	middle
authorships[25].raw_author_name	Jennifer C. Lovejoy
authorships[25].is_corresponding	False
authorships[26].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5028285984
authorships[26].author.orcid
authorships[26].author.display_name	Laura H. Morris
authorships[26].author_position	middle
authorships[26].raw_author_name	Laura H. Morris
authorships[26].is_corresponding	False
authorships[27].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5037471785
authorships[27].author.orcid
authorships[27].author.display_name	Lee E. Melancon
authorships[27].author_position	middle
authorships[27].raw_author_name	Lee E. Melancon
authorships[27].is_corresponding	False
authorships[28].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5088283488
authorships[28].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8374-2277
authorships[28].author.display_name	Donna H. Ryan
authorships[28].author_position	middle
authorships[28].raw_author_name	Donna H. Ryan
authorships[28].is_corresponding	False
authorships[29].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5036838389
authorships[29].author.orcid
authorships[29].author.display_name	Deborah A. Sanford
authorships[29].author_position	middle
authorships[29].raw_author_name	Deborah A. Sanford
authorships[29].is_corresponding	False
authorships[30].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5001067070
authorships[30].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3829-4326
authorships[30].author.display_name	Kenneth G. C. Smith
authorships[30].author_position	middle
authorships[30].raw_author_name	Kenneth G. Smith
authorships[30].is_corresponding	False
authorships[31].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5103061299
authorships[31].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-076X
authorships[31].author.display_name	Lisa L. Smith
authorships[31].author_position	middle
authorships[31].raw_author_name	Lisa L. Smith
authorships[31].is_corresponding	False
authorships[32].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5020544132
authorships[32].author.orcid
authorships[32].author.display_name	Julia A. St. Amant
authorships[32].author_position	middle
authorships[32].raw_author_name	Julia A. St. Amant
authorships[32].is_corresponding	False
authorships[33].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5113437422
authorships[33].author.orcid
authorships[33].author.display_name	Richard T. Tulley
authorships[33].author_position	middle
authorships[33].raw_author_name	Richard T. Tulley
authorships[33].is_corresponding	False
authorships[34].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5029717103
authorships[34].author.orcid
authorships[34].author.display_name	Paula C. Vicknair
authorships[34].author_position	middle
authorships[34].raw_author_name	Paula C. Vicknair
authorships[34].is_corresponding	False
authorships[35].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5111460455
authorships[35].author.orcid
authorships[35].author.display_name	Donald Williamson
authorships[35].author_position	middle
authorships[35].raw_author_name	Donald Williamson
authorships[35].is_corresponding	False
authorships[36].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5110041940
authorships[36].author.orcid
authorships[36].author.display_name	Jeffery J. Zachwieja
authorships[36].author_position	middle
authorships[36].raw_author_name	Jeffery J. Zachwieja
authorships[36].is_corresponding	False
authorships[37].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5110267395
authorships[37].author.orcid
authorships[37].author.display_name	Kenneth S. Polonsky
authorships[37].author_position	middle
authorships[37].raw_author_name	Kenneth S. Polonsky
authorships[37].is_corresponding	False
authorships[38].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5077166984
authorships[38].author.orcid
authorships[38].author.display_name	Janet Tobian
authorships[38].author_position	middle
authorships[38].raw_author_name	Janet Tobian
authorships[38].is_corresponding	False
authorships[39].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5110636325
authorships[39].author.orcid
authorships[39].author.display_name	David A. Ehrmann
authorships[39].author_position	middle
authorships[39].raw_author_name	David A. Ehrmann
authorships[39].is_corresponding	False
authorships[40].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5078119356
authorships[40].author.orcid
authorships[40].author.display_name	Margaret J. Matulik
authorships[40].author_position	middle
authorships[40].raw_author_name	Margaret J. Matulik
authorships[40].is_corresponding	False
authorships[41].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5011681187
authorships[41].author.orcid
authorships[41].author.display_name	Bart Clark
authorships[41].author_position	middle
authorships[41].raw_author_name	Bart Clark
authorships[41].is_corresponding	False
authorships[42].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5001107421
authorships[42].author.orcid
authorships[42].author.display_name	Kirsten Czech
authorships[42].author_position	middle
authorships[42].raw_author_name	Kirsten Czech
authorships[42].is_corresponding	False
authorships[43].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5084136917
authorships[43].author.orcid
authorships[43].author.display_name	Catherine DeSandre
authorships[43].author_position	middle
authorships[43].raw_author_name	Catherine DeSandre
authorships[43].is_corresponding	False
authorships[44].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5021687542
authorships[44].author.orcid
authorships[44].author.display_name	Ruthanne Hilbrich
authorships[44].author_position	middle
authorships[44].raw_author_name	Ruthanne Hilbrich
authorships[44].is_corresponding	False
authorships[45].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5051050019
authorships[45].author.orcid
authorships[45].author.display_name	Wylie McNabb
authorships[45].author_position	middle
authorships[45].raw_author_name	Wylie McNabb
authorships[45].is_corresponding	False
authorships[46].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5062861509
authorships[46].author.orcid
authorships[46].author.display_name	Ann R. Semenske
authorships[46].author_position	middle
authorships[46].raw_author_name	Ann R. Semenske
authorships[46].is_corresponding	False
authorships[47].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5113660717
authorships[47].author.orcid
authorships[47].author.display_name	F. José
authorships[47].author_position	middle
authorships[47].raw_author_name	Jose F. Caro
authorships[47].is_corresponding	False
authorships[48].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5028333866
authorships[48].author.orcid
authorships[48].author.display_name	Kevin Furlong
authorships[48].author_position	middle
authorships[48].raw_author_name	Kevin Furlong
authorships[48].is_corresponding	False
authorships[49].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5108471022
authorships[49].author.orcid
authorships[49].author.display_name	Barry J. Goldstein
authorships[49].author_position	middle
authorships[49].raw_author_name	Barry J. Goldstein
authorships[49].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/44/1/43.full.pdf
open_access.oa_status	bronze
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	The Impact of Physical Activity on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence and Lessons Learned From the Diabetes Prevention Program, a Long-Standing Clinical Trial Incorporating Subjective and Objective Activity Measures
has_fulltext	True
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10352
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/27
primary_topic.field.display_name	Medicine
primary_topic.score	0.9994999766349792
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/4
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Health Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2737
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Physiology
primary_topic.display_name	Physical Activity and Health
related_works	https://openalex.org/W1920632900, https://openalex.org/W3130171081, https://openalex.org/W2550868627, https://openalex.org/W4255799541, https://openalex.org/W4283768941, https://openalex.org/W2394348404, https://openalex.org/W2111591736, https://openalex.org/W4396730554, https://openalex.org/W4401541291, https://openalex.org/W2017470589
cited_by_count	65
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	12
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	11
counts_by_year[2].year	2023
counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count	18
counts_by_year[3].year	2022
counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count	18
counts_by_year[4].year	2021
counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count	6
locations_count	4
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.2337/dc20-1129
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S49878492
best_oa_location.source.issn	0149-5992, 1935-5548
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	False
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	0149-5992
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Diabetes Care
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320274
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	American Diabetes Association
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320274
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	American Diabetes Association
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/44/1/43.full.pdf
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Diabetes Care
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129
primary_location.id	doi:10.2337/dc20-1129
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S49878492
primary_location.source.issn	0149-5992, 1935-5548
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.issn_l	0149-5992
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Diabetes Care
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320274
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	American Diabetes Association
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320274
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	American Diabetes Association
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/44/1/43.full.pdf
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Diabetes Care
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1129
publication_date	2020-11-10
publication_year	2020
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2158822657, https://openalex.org/W1511593276, https://openalex.org/W2114104256, https://openalex.org/W2549897028, https://openalex.org/W2598089744, https://openalex.org/W2033116294, https://openalex.org/W4239662541, https://openalex.org/W2004395090, https://openalex.org/W2141063224, https://openalex.org/W2398226462, https://openalex.org/W1980652514, https://openalex.org/W2042283868, https://openalex.org/W2033855131, https://openalex.org/W2073997076, https://openalex.org/W2103694763, https://openalex.org/W2042056012, https://openalex.org/W2317654055, https://openalex.org/W2312583181, https://openalex.org/W2013227040, https://openalex.org/W2131438577, https://openalex.org/W2096801090, https://openalex.org/W2146536851, https://openalex.org/W6674714984, https://openalex.org/W2070795875, https://openalex.org/W608363730
referenced_works_count	25
abstract_inverted_index.6	135
abstract_inverted_index.=	89, 176, 214
abstract_inverted_index.P	128, 181
abstract_inverted_index.a	116
abstract_inverted_index.(P	200, 213
abstract_inverted_index.(n	88, 175
abstract_inverted_index.12	149
abstract_inverted_index.6%	117
abstract_inverted_index.CI	125
abstract_inverted_index.PA	41, 48, 62, 94, 102, 140, 162, 194, 231, 257, 274
abstract_inverted_index.an	146
abstract_inverted_index.at	171
abstract_inverted_index.be	27
abstract_inverted_index.by	29
abstract_inverted_index.in	13, 131, 138, 227, 238
abstract_inverted_index.of	32, 47, 148, 161, 225, 256
abstract_inverted_index.on	53
abstract_inverted_index.or	198
abstract_inverted_index.to	235, 263, 271
abstract_inverted_index.(in	42
abstract_inverted_index.AND	58
abstract_inverted_index.All	218
abstract_inverted_index.Cox	109
abstract_inverted_index.PA,	156
abstract_inverted_index.The	99, 159
abstract_inverted_index.and	20, 24, 49, 63, 66, 103, 157, 203, 216, 266, 275
abstract_inverted_index.day	209
abstract_inverted_index.for	45, 77, 141, 152, 187
abstract_inverted_index.had	191
abstract_inverted_index.its	50
abstract_inverted_index.not	26
abstract_inverted_index.one	81
abstract_inverted_index.per	134, 208
abstract_inverted_index.the	2, 14, 18, 142, 223, 228, 239, 243, 254
abstract_inverted_index.was	106, 115, 163, 232
abstract_inverted_index.(12%	165
abstract_inverted_index.(Cox	119
abstract_inverted_index.(PA)	36
abstract_inverted_index.0.94	123
abstract_inverted_index.This	252
abstract_inverted_index.[95%	124
abstract_inverted_index.age,	153
abstract_inverted_index.both	273
abstract_inverted_index.care	269
abstract_inverted_index.less	169
abstract_inverted_index.oral	67
abstract_inverted_index.over	145
abstract_inverted_index.sex,	154
abstract_inverted_index.test	70
abstract_inverted_index.were	75
abstract_inverted_index.when	277
abstract_inverted_index.with	17, 38, 80, 184, 196, 222, 245
abstract_inverted_index.(0.88	178
abstract_inverted_index.(DPP)	6
abstract_inverted_index.0.001	215
abstract_inverted_index.0.92,	126
abstract_inverted_index.3,232	78
abstract_inverted_index.Mixed	91
abstract_inverted_index.There	114
abstract_inverted_index.after	86
abstract_inverted_index.among	167
abstract_inverted_index.could	25
abstract_inverted_index.lower	12
abstract_inverted_index.ratio	122
abstract_inverted_index.these	250
abstract_inverted_index.total	206
abstract_inverted_index.urges	267
abstract_inverted_index.using	108
abstract_inverted_index.years	85, 150
abstract_inverted_index.0.001)	130
abstract_inverted_index.0.93];	180
abstract_inverted_index.0.96];	127
abstract_inverted_index.1,338)	177
abstract_inverted_index.Across	1
abstract_inverted_index.DESIGN	57
abstract_inverted_index.Yearly	60
abstract_inverted_index.[0.83,	179
abstract_inverted_index.across	96, 242
abstract_inverted_index.active	170
abstract_inverted_index.cohort	144, 241
abstract_inverted_index.during	211
abstract_inverted_index.effect	160
abstract_inverted_index.entire	143, 240
abstract_inverted_index.groups	23
abstract_inverted_index.hazard	121
abstract_inverted_index.health	268
abstract_inverted_index.higher	192, 204
abstract_inverted_index.impact	52
abstract_inverted_index.models	92
abstract_inverted_index.study,	244
abstract_inverted_index.weight	226, 276
abstract_inverted_index.within	258
abstract_inverted_index.0.0001)	202
abstract_inverted_index.0.047).	217
abstract_inverted_index.1,793).	90
abstract_inverted_index.11–13	84
abstract_inverted_index.METHODS	59
abstract_inverted_index.Program	5
abstract_inverted_index.RESULTS	113
abstract_inverted_index.allowed	44
abstract_inverted_index.average	147
abstract_inverted_index.between	101
abstract_inverted_index.efforts	261
abstract_inverted_index.glucose	68, 73
abstract_inverted_index.greater	164
abstract_inverted_index.groups.	98
abstract_inverted_index.hazards	111
abstract_inverted_index.minutes	207
abstract_inverted_index.models.	112, 229
abstract_inverted_index.placebo	19, 199
abstract_inverted_index.prevent	264
abstract_inverted_index.related	234
abstract_inverted_index.results	71, 248
abstract_inverted_index.weight.	30
abstract_inverted_index.&lt;	129, 182, 201
abstract_inverted_index.(fasting	72
abstract_inverted_index.(yearly)	37
abstract_inverted_index.0.0001),	183
abstract_inverted_index.Diabetes	3
abstract_inverted_index.RESEARCH	56
abstract_inverted_index.activity	35
abstract_inverted_index.addition	224
abstract_inverted_index.baseline	155, 172
abstract_inverted_index.compared	16, 195
abstract_inverted_index.consider	272
abstract_inverted_index.decrease	118
abstract_inverted_index.designed	262
abstract_inverted_index.diabetes	9, 54, 64, 104, 132, 237, 265
abstract_inverted_index.examined	107
abstract_inverted_index.findings	186
abstract_inverted_index.incident	236
abstract_inverted_index.increase	137
abstract_inverted_index.measured	210
abstract_inverted_index.physical	34
abstract_inverted_index.remained	11, 220
abstract_inverted_index.stronger	185
abstract_inverted_index.weight).	158
abstract_inverted_index.Lifestyle	190
abstract_inverted_index.OBJECTIVE	0
abstract_inverted_index.collected	76
abstract_inverted_index.decrease)	166
abstract_inverted_index.explained	28
abstract_inverted_index.findings.	251
abstract_inverted_index.follow-up	212
abstract_inverted_index.high-risk	279
abstract_inverted_index.incidence	10, 105, 133
abstract_inverted_index.inversely	233
abstract_inverted_index.lifestyle	15, 188, 259
abstract_inverted_index.long-term	51
abstract_inverted_index.metformin	21, 197
abstract_inverted_index.objective	40
abstract_inverted_index.patients.	280
abstract_inverted_index.providers	270
abstract_inverted_index.tolerance	69
abstract_inverted_index.treatment	97
abstract_inverted_index.Collection	31
abstract_inverted_index.MET-h/week	136
abstract_inverted_index.Prevention	4
abstract_inverted_index.assessment	65, 83
abstract_inverted_index.counseling	278
abstract_inverted_index.cumulative	8, 193
abstract_inverted_index.determined	93
abstract_inverted_index.follow-up)	43
abstract_inverted_index.follow-up,	7
abstract_inverted_index.highlights	253
abstract_inverted_index.importance	255
abstract_inverted_index.randomized	22
abstract_inverted_index.supporting	249
abstract_inverted_index.(controlled	151
abstract_inverted_index.CONCLUSIONS	230
abstract_inverted_index.MET-h/week)	174
abstract_inverted_index.association	100
abstract_inverted_index.differences	95
abstract_inverted_index.examination	46
abstract_inverted_index.prevention.	55
abstract_inverted_index.significant	221
abstract_inverted_index.(&lt;7.5	173
abstract_inverted_index.associations	219
abstract_inverted_index.intervention	260
abstract_inverted_index.participants	79, 168
abstract_inverted_index.proportional	110, 120
abstract_inverted_index.accelerometry	82, 205, 247
abstract_inverted_index.participants.	189
abstract_inverted_index.randomization	87
abstract_inverted_index.self-reported	33, 61
abstract_inverted_index.semiannually)	74
abstract_inverted_index.time-dependent	139
abstract_inverted_index.cross-sectional	39, 246
cited_by_percentile_year.max	100
cited_by_percentile_year.min	98
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5082463316
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	593
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I193531525
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.8199999928474426
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Good health and well-being
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.96485849
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True